拓扑形二维纳米超流电极的仿生构筑及其储能机制

超级电容器的发展急需“致密但超快离子传输”的多孔电极，以解决目前面临的“高容量与高倍率难同时兼顾”的瓶颈。启迪于生物体系中离子/水通道“窄却快”的奇异物质输送现象（孔径小于1纳米但每秒输送高达~1千万个离子），聚焦于其本质的“量子限域传输”效应，拟开展拓扑形二维纳米超流孔道的仿生构筑及其离子传输机制研究。通过系统性的二维材质基元制备、纳米孔道构型化复合、理论模拟计算和应用实验验证的创新性研究，构筑仿生拓扑形二维纳米超流体的技术原型，创制具有“量子限域传输”效应的宏观电极材料，揭示“人工二维材质基元+仿生拓扑形纳米孔道”离子传输的协同增益机制，并建立微观效应与宏观性能之间的关联规律，为高性能电极材料的设计、制备提供理论依据和实验验证，推动生物、化学、材料、物理等学科的发展。

The development of supercapacitors urgently requires porous electrodes that are dense but able to transport ions quickly. These electrodes can solve the challenge in this filed that high capacitance and high rate-performance cannot be achieved simultaneously. This project aims to develop novel rapid-ion-transport materials with topological nanochannels and reveal their mass transport mechanism. The concept of the project is inspired by the biological ion/water nanochannels which widely exist in different bio-systems. These nanochannels are narrow with pore width less than 1 nm, but can fast transport mass with rate up to ~10 million ions per second. The behind physics is called a “quantum-confined superfluid” effect. The project will conduct a comprehensive study on the fabrication of 2D material units, the architecting of these units, theoretical modeling and calculation, and experimental verification. The objective of the project is to build the reliable fabrication prototype of novel rapid-ion-transport nanoporous materials, reveal the ion-transport mechanism of these architectured materials, and explore the relationship between the nanochannel effect and application performance. The findings will provide guidelines for the development of related high-performance functional materials in future and contribute to the development of disciplines such as biology, chemistry, materials and physics science.