呵叻高原钾盐矿床盐异常形成机制与判别标志研究

钾盐是我国紧缺的大宗矿产，建立海外钾肥基地以反哺国内成为缓解我国缺钾现状的有效途径，对于保障我国粮食安全具有重要战略意义。位于泰国和老挝境内的呵叻高原地区钾资源储量巨大，是建设海外钾肥基地的首选地。钾盐矿床中普遍存在的盐异常是引发矿山透水事故最重要的诱导因素，往往造成灾害性甚至灾难性后果。在呵叻高原钾盐矿床开发过程中，因对盐异常问题认识不充分而导致透水事故频发，严重威胁了矿山生产安全。本项目以泰国暖颂和老挝开元两个钾盐矿区为主要研究区，从矿区、矿硐、岩芯、矿物等不同尺度上开展地形地貌、盐构造、沉积学、岩相学、矿物学和地球化学研究，查明盐异常的表现形式，总结和刻画盐异常特征，阐释盐异常形成机制，建立盐异常地质-地球化学判别标志，最终为钾盐矿山安全生产风险防控提供翔实的科学依据。本项目对于深刻理解该地区钾盐矿床成岩作用具有重要科学意义，对于保障钾盐矿区探采工程顺利开展具有实际应用价值。

Potash salt is a staple and scarce mineral resource for China. Building China’s foreign-sited potash fertilizer bases to feedback our country has become an effective way to relieve the shortage of potash salt in China, which is strategically important for ensuring Chinese food security. Because of huge reserves of potash deposits, the Khorat Plateau area, which is located in Thailand and Laos, is becoming the first choice to build a China’s foreign-sited potash fertilizer base. The salt anomalies existed pervasively in potash deposits is the most important inducing factor to trigger water inrush accidents in mines, resulting in disastrous and even catastrophic consequences. During exploitation of potash deposits in the Khorat Plateau area, the water inrush accidents happened frequently because of insufficient understanding of salt anomaly problems and the production safety in mines have been seriously threatened therefrom. The Non sung mining area in Thailand and the Kaiyuan mining area in Laos were chose to be main study areas or objective mining areas in this project. The topographic features, salt diapirs, sedimentology, thin section petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry will be studied in different scales of mining area, ore chamber, drill-core and mineral. Based these studies mentioned above, the aims are to ascertain the styles of salt anomalies, to summarize and describe the characteristics of salt anomalies, to interpret the formation mechanism of salt anomalies, and further to establish the geological and geochemical identification criteria of salt anomalies. Finally, these study results will provide an important scientific basis to control the risk of production safety of potash mines. The project has an important scientific significance for profoundly understanding the geneses of potash deposits in this area and will show its practical values for ensuring the successful exploration and mining in mining area.