儿童期逆境影响个体内外化问题的认知神经机制:基于威胁与剥夺的视角

儿童期逆境对个体发展的负面影响广泛且深远。以往该领域研究存在“只注重单一逆境”或“只注重逆境的累加却忽略不同逆境的影响方式和影响权重差异巨大”等问题，无法揭示儿童期逆境对个体发展的深层、特异性影响。采用更精细的逆境类型取向开展研究能有效突破这一瓶颈。本项目拟以国际前沿的DMAP理论为基础，从神经—生理—行为多个层面，综合运用多模态磁共振成像技术以及唾液和头发皮质醇检测技术，创新性地深入探讨不同类型儿童期逆境（威胁和剥夺）与大脑结构功能和HPA轴功能的特异性关系；采用追踪研究设计，揭示不同类型逆境与儿童内外化问题关系中起中介作用的神经和生理机制，并探究此过程中起保护作用的关键因素，揭示不同类型逆境“是否”以及“如何”导致特定的结果及保护机制。预期通过系列研究，理论上构建“分类型多层面”的多重逆境特异性影响及机制模型；应用上揭示儿童期逆境特异性影响的“靶子”和“机理”，为精准干预打好坚实基础。

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have profound and long-lasting detrimental effects on children’s development. Previous research on childhood adversity had notable limitations such as “focusing only on single types of adversity” or “focusing only on the accumulation of adversities but completely ignoring the distinct influencing mechanisms and weights of different types of adversity”, the profound and distinct effects of childhood adversity on child development is far from being revealed, and research examining this research field is still scarce. A dimensional approach, a more innovative approach for studying childhood adversity, can break through the bottleneck of previous research by elucidating the distinct effects of specific dimensions of adversity on developmental outcomes. Therefore, building upon the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology (DMAP) , the proposed research project integrates with neural-physiological-behavioral levels to explore the distinct associations of different dimensions of childhood adversities (i.e., threat and deprivation) on brain structure and function and physiological stress system (HPA axis) function among children experiencing ACEs by employing multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging technology, salivary cortisol and hair cortisol detection technology. Further, with the longitudinal study design, we aim to unpack the specific neurophysiological mechanism that mediate the unique dimension of adversity and children's internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as to identify whether and how the key protective factors buffer the risk in the mechanisms. This study is one of the first innovative and in-depth studies to investigate the unique effects of different dimensions of ACEs on developmental outcomes from integrated and protective perspectives. It is expected that through a series of studies in our proposal, we can better understand the unique cognitive neuroscience mechanism underlying the different dimensions of adversities affecting the internalizing and externalizing problems theoretically. On the application level, the "target" and "mechanism" about the distinct effects of different dimensions of childhood adversity can be fully revealed, which may lay a solid foundation for precise intervention.