基于社群学习理论的褐菖鲉放流苗种行为适应性解析

人工苗种存在的行为适应性缺陷是影响鱼类放流存活率的重要因素。社群学习是鱼类建立关键行为模式、提高生存能力的一种重要学习方式，对改善人工苗种的行为属性具有重要利用价值。本项目拟以我国暖温海域海洋牧场区重要增殖种褐菖鲉为研究对象，系统分析养殖群体与野生群体在表观形态结构、个性特征、捕食-反捕食行为模式以及学习认知能力方面存在的差异，甄别影响人工苗种野外生存适应性的主要行为缺陷。在此基础上，基于鱼类社群学习理论，系统评估人工苗种通过社群学习建立关键行为模式的能力，明确人工苗种生长发育过程中的学习敏感期，解析社群学习的主要实现方式及其影响因素，从学习认知视角深入探讨人工苗种的行为可塑性及其改善途径。本项目将有助于鱼类学习认知研究的理论拓展与创新，研究结果将为海水鱼类增殖苗种的野化训练提供理论支撑与科学参考。

Hatchery-reared fishes show remarkable deficits in many aspects of their behavioral performance compared to their wild counterparts, which result in high levels of mortality in the post-release phase. Social learning is an important learning method for fish to establish the key behavioral patterns through observation and interaction, which has great potential application value for the life skills training for hatchery-reared fish. Marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) is one of the most important enhancement species for sea ranching programs in the East China Sea. The present study will examine the main differences between wild and hatchery-reared juvenile marbled rockfish from the perspectives of morphological structure, personality, foraging and anti-predation patterns, and cognitive capacity. Based on these comparisons, this study will reveal the main maladaptive behaviors which influence the post-release survivorship of hatchery-reared fish. On this basis, based on the social learning theory, this study will evaluate the possibility of establishing the key behavioral patterns in fish through social learning, ascertain the sensitive period of social learning for young fish, reveal the main factors which affect the ability of fish social learning, and finally find the implementation methods to train fish through social learning. Based on these results, this study will discuss the behavioral plasticity of hatchery-reared fish and the approaches to improve it from the perspective of learning and cognition. Taken together, the present study will further refine the new theory and concept in the study of learning and cognition in fish, and also provide theoretic and technological foundation to support the studies of life skills training for hatchery-reared marine fish.