中国蛇口壳属的系统分类、致病力及与小蠹虫种间特异性伴生关系研究

蛇口壳属真菌是一类特殊的与蛀干鞘翅目小蠹虫伴生的真菌资源，通常由昆虫携带和传播，为其提供食物和营养。蛇口壳属的大部分种类具有强的致病性，可引起木材组织变为蓝色或灰色，降低木材品质，又称为蓝变真菌，也可引起严重的树木病害（如榆树枯萎病），导致成片森林死亡，该类真菌还与松材线虫病的发生及危害关系密切，是一类具有重要研究价值的真菌资源。而我国蛇口属真菌的分类系统、分布格局和致病力的深入研究较少，大量新种亟待挖掘。本项目拟对我国三大主要林区（东北、西南和南方林区）的松树种类及重大危害性的小蠹虫进行研究，采集分离培养蛇口壳属真菌，依照最新的菌物命名法规，结合本课题组集成的物种识别模型研究此类真菌，解决蛇口壳属物种边界分类混乱的根本问题，描述所发现的新种；阐明该类真菌在我国亚热带不同地域、不同寄主、不同媒介上的物种多样性和分布特征，为我国重要林业病虫害的检疫、监测及防治工作提供核心数据和理论基础。

Fungi in the genus Ophiostoma are special fungal resources associated with wood-boring insects bark beetles, which are commonly carried and spread by insect vectors, and provide food and nutrition for them. The majority species in the Ophiostoma have strong pathogenicity and are also known as blue-stain fungi, where cause blue or grey discoloration in timber, reduce the value of wood. Some species can cause tree diseases, such as Dutch Elm Disease, that are responsible for the mortality of forests. This kind of fungi is also closely related to the occurrence and damage of pine wood nematode and is a kind of fungal resources with important research value. However, there are few in-depth studies on the classification system, distribution pattern, and pathogenicity of Ophiostoma in China, and a large number of new species need to be excavated urgently. This project intends to study the pine species and harmful bark beetles in three main forest regions of China (northeast, southwest and south regions). According to the latest fungus nomenclature regulations, combined with the integrated species identification model of our group, this kind of fungi is studied, the fundamental problem of the confusion of species boundary classification is solved, and the new species found are described. To clarify the species diversity and distribution characteristics of Ophiostoma in different regions, different hosts and different vectors in the subtropics of China, so as to provide core data and theoretical basis for the quarantine, monitoring and control of important forestry diseases and insect pests in China.