当代农居的自发性绿色改造策略及其优化方法研究——以冀南地区“棚院子”现象为例

我国农居建筑的存量巨大且绿色性能薄弱，是建筑行业实现“碳达峰”目标亟待补齐的短板，其绿色改造对实现国家绿色发展和乡村振兴战略都大有裨益。本项目以冀南地区合院式农居近年来呈现的以“棚院子（一种院落封闭措施）”为特征的自发性绿色改造策略为研究对象，通过专业介入进行因势利导，旨在提升其技术性能及其与典型宅形之间的兼容性。基于对“棚院子”策略的系统要素提取和技术原型构建，通过现场实测与虚拟仿真，调查不同技术原型对室内环境的系统性影响机制及潜在风险因素；采用质量功能展开方法识别现有技术缺陷及其优化路径，并通过实验验证对优化路径进行反馈和修正；利用模糊综合评估法针对各类风险因素提出典型宅形的局部改造措施，通过农居宅形与封闭措施的双向联动机制提升两者兼容性。研究成果有助于揭示冀南地区当代农居的环境自适应机制，量化理解院落封闭对合院式农居带来的系统性影响，为农居自发性绿色改造策略的健康发展提供科学指导。

Characterized by huge stocks and weak sustainability performance, China's rural dwellings are an urgent shortcoming in the construction industry to achieve the goal of "carbon peak", and their green renovation strategies (GRS) is of great benefit to the realization of the national strategies of Green development and Rural revitalization. Taking the spontaneous GRS characterized by "courtyard being closed" that have been presented in the southern Hebei area in recent years as the research object, this project uses the professional skills of architects to moderately intervene in its development. The technical performance of the GRS and their compatibility with the typical dwelling forms (TDF) are improved through the following ways: The extraction of system elements and the construction of technical prototypes for the "courtyard being closed" strategy are conducted; on-site measurement and software simulation are used to investigate the systematic influence mechanism of different technological prototypes on the indoor environmental quality of TDF and the potential risk factors; Quality Function Deployment Method is used to identify the defects of the existing GRS and the corresponding optimization paths; feedback and correction of potential optimization paths are verified through experiments; partial renovation measures for TDF according to various risk factors are proposed through the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method, and the two-way linkage mechanism between TDF and GRS is used to improve the compatibility of the two. The research results are conducive to revealing the environmental adaptive mechanism of the contemporary rural dwellings in southern Hebei, quantifying the systemic impact and potential risks brought by "courtyard being closed" to courtyard-style dwellings, and providing scientific guidance for the healthy development of the rural dwellings' spontaneous GRS.