介孔MOFs超分子高能材料自组装新策略研究

在含能材料中存在的一个巨大挑战仍是如何提高能量同时降低感度，解决这一挑战将对新型含能材料的发展具有重大的意义。本项目提出一种新策略-“皮薄馅大”超分子炸药策略：利用低密度、高孔隙率的介孔钝感含能MOFs的孔道自组装高密度包覆CL-20和HMX等传统高能分子，凭借“皮”（介孔钝感含能MOFs）的钝感和“馅”（高能分子）的高密度高能之间的协同作用，实现相应的超分子含能材料高能低感。为了证实此策略，本项目拟发展有效的高密度自组装方法，将不同的高能分子高密度引入到介孔钝感含能MOFs的孔道中，合成一系列超分子含能材料，系统探究主体介孔钝感含能MOFs和客体含能分子对超分子含能材料的性能影响，揭示它们的影响规律，建立构效关系，最终设计合成高能低感的超分子含能材料。本项目的实施对深入了解超分子含能材料—这类新型含能材料的构效关系具有重要的意义，也为解决高能低感—含能材料研究领域的这一难题提供新的思路。

How to enhance the energies of energetic compounds and simultaneously lower their sensitivities is still greatly challenging in the field of energetic materials. If the challenge is well addressed, it will be significant for the development of energetic materials. In the project, to achieve this purpose, we would propose an unprecedented strategy, “thin skin and thick stuffing” supermolecular-explosive strategy. In this strategy, low-density and high-porosity mesoporous insensitive metal-organic frameworks (MIMOFs) are employed to densely encapsulate traditional high-energy molecules such as CL-20 and HMX to construct supermolecular energetic materials, in which coupling the insensitivity of “skin” (MIMOFs) with the high energy of “stuffing” (traditional energetic molecules) can achieve enhancing their energies and lower their sensitivities. To demonstrate this strategy, a dense self-assembly method will firstly be developed in this project. Using this method, various high-energy molecules would be introduced into the pores of MIMOFs, constructing a series of supermolecular energetic materials. The influences of the hosts (MIMOFs) and guests (high-energy molecules) on the energetic properties of these supermolecular materials will be systematically investigated in order to reveal the correlations between structures and energetic properties. According to the obtained influence law, the energetic properties of supermolecular energetic materials will be further optimized. Based on the above investigations, it will contribute to understanding their structure-property relationship. These studies are also ongoing to provides a new insight in the solution of the above challenge.