异种花粉落置作为潜在选择压力对植物生殖成功的影响

近年研究表明泛化传粉系统在自然界占主导地位，开花植物共用相同的传粉者，导致传粉者在不同植物间普遍的种间传粉。植物柱头的异种花粉对雄性和雌性生殖成功都可能有不利影响，具有潜在的生态和进化意义。如果异种花粉造成切实的生殖干扰，就可能是影响物种共存和群落构成的重要因素。目前植物-传粉者互作研究主要关注网络结构和动态，而忽视了传粉的直观结果——柱头落置的花粉种类和数量，以及对生殖成功的不同影响。本课题拟在物种多样性丰富的高山草甸，多群落连续多年调查柱头落置花粉种类和数量，分析同种和异种花粉在物种间、群落间和年际间的变化；结合群落构成、物种共存和花部结构等特征，分析影响种间传粉的因素。通过野外调查和授粉实验，定量分析不同来源的异种花粉对植物结实的差异影响。从群落水平研究植物-传粉者互利以及植物-植物传粉竞争，为深入理解物种共存和花部特征多样化提供新的视野，也有助于物种多样性热点地区的传粉者保护。

Recent studies have shown that generalized pollination system was dominated in nature, with flowering plant species sharing the same pollinators, which may lead to frequent interspecific visitation and pollination between different plant species. The deposition of heterospecific pollen on plant stigmas may have adverse effects on both male and female reproductive success, with potential ecology and evolution implications. If the heterospecific pollen decrease the reproduction success, it may be an important factor in shaping the species coexistence in communities. By far, the studies of plant-pollinator interactions mainly focus on the network structure and temporal dynamics, while ignoring the intuitive results of pollination, the species composition and quantity of pollen grains that deposited on the stigmas, and the various effects on reproductive success for each pollen species. This proposal is intended to investigate the compositions and quantities of pollen grains on the stigma for consecutive years in alpine meadows with rich species diversity, and to analyze the variation of pollen deposition among species, communities and years. By investigating the community composition, species coexistence and flower traits, to test the factors that related interspecific pollination. Combined with field investigation and artificial pollination experiment, we will test the various effects among different heterospecific pollen grains on species reproduction. Studying plant-pollinator mutual benefit and plant-plant pollination competition at community level, will provide a new perspective in understanding species coexistence and flower trait diversification, and also be contribute to pollinator protection in the hot spot of species diversity.