外星壤直接太阳光3-D打印建材制品原位资源化利用研究

探索浩瀚宇宙是人类不懈追求的航天梦，外星基地是支撑人类向更深远宇宙进军的战略平台，如何大幅减轻基地建设对地球发射载荷的依赖是亟待解决的关键问题。项目立足于“就地取材，原位制造”思想，开展模拟外星壤太阳光直接3-D打印建材制品研究。首先，研究模拟月壤和火壤的烧结相变规律，掌握外星壤在不同特征温度下的性能，建立外星壤烧结与退火温控制度；其次，研究高真空低重力环境下外星壤熔体的热毛细效应，掌握静态外星壤粉床熔池发展演化机制，探索极端环境驱动的外星壤涂层制备方法；第三，研究从粉态至熔结态外星壤的光谱辐射特性，建立外星壤粉床熔覆热质输运耦合模型，得到太阳光直接3-D打印工艺优化方法；最后，研究热和冲击荷载对外星壤建材制品性能的影响，建立太阳光直接3-D打印外星壤建材制品的拓扑结构优化设计方法，探索具有自锁功能的外星基地用模块化建材制品制造方法。本项目将为我国航天强国新时代外星基地建设增砖添瓦。

Space exploration is an unremittingly pursuiting dream of the human beings. Extraterrestrial base plays a major strategic role for the mankind to march outside to the much deeper and farther space. It is very vital and urgent to drastically reduce the launch payload dependence on Earth for the extraterrestrial base construction. Based on the concept of “made by local materials, made in space”, this project deploys the research on direct-sunlight 3D-printing building materials using the in-situ extraterrestrial regolith resources. Firstly, the sintering phase-transition processes of lunar and mars regolith stimulants are investigated. The extraterrestrial regolith with different characteristic temperature is achieved. The temperature control strategies for sintering and annealing processes are established. Secondly, the thermal capillary effect of melting extraterrestrial regolith is explored under the circumstances of high vacuum and low gravity condition. The mitigation and evolution mechanism of static molten pool is revealed. The preparation method of extraterrestrial regolith coating driven by the extreme environmental effects is developed. Thirdly, the spectrum radiation characteristics of extraterrestrial regolith from powder to sintered states are obtained. The heat-mass coupling transport model is established for the powder-bed cladding process of extraterrestrial regolith. The direct-sunlight 3D-printing process is optimized. Finally, the influence of thermal and shock loads on the mechanical performance of extraterrestrial regolith is investigated. The topological-structure optimization design method is established for the direct-sunlight 3D-printing extraterrestrial regolith. The manufacturing technique of the modular products with interlocking function is developed for the extraterrestrial base construction. This project will provide the basic building materials for the construction of an extraterrestrial base in the new era of China space power.