基于情境感知计算的客户需求识别和面向设计表达

准确理解与识别客户需求，对产品的成功至关重要。数据显示高达70%-85%的设计返工都源于对需求理解的偏差。研究指出：设计人员若要准确理解与识别需求，须充分考虑客户形成需求的背景及环境等相关情境。项目以先进航空制造装备为产品对象，引入情境感知计算，深入剖析客户形成需求的情境以及形成规律，进而提出一种融合客户情境的准确理解和识别客户需求及面向设计表达的理论与方法。包括：1)借鉴消费者行为和认知心理研究，分析需求在不同因素作用下的形成特征与过程规律，识别需求形成的关键影响因素；2)引入情境感知技术，分析需求形成情境的结构、感知路径并获取情境信息，构建需求形成情境模型；3)通过对需求情境的计算分析，建立融合情境的客户需求准确识别和面向设计表达的方法，以帮助设计人员准确理解客户需求。研究可减少甚至消除设计人员对客户需求的理解偏差，为减少设计更改，降低产品开发成本，提高产品开发成功率提供支持。

Accurate understanding and identification of customer requirements is crucial to the success of products. Data show that up to 70% - 85% of the design rework is due to the deviation of requirements understanding. It is pointed out that if designers want to accurately understand and identify the requirements, they must fully consider the characteristics and environment of customers' requirements. The project takes advanced aviation manufacturing equipment as the object, introduces context-aware computing, deeply analyzes the customer context and the process law of forming requirements, and then proposes a theory and method based on context to accurately understand and identify customer requirements and design oriented expression. It includes: 1) from the perspective of consumer behavior and cognitive psychology, it analyzes the formation characteristics and rules of requirements under the influence of different factors, and identifies the key factors that affect the formation of requirements; 2) it analyzes the structure and access path for the formation context of requirements, introduces context awareness technology to obtain context information, and constructs ontology model of requirements context; 3) through the calculation and analysis of requirements context, the method of identifying customer requirements based on context and design oriented expression is established to help designers understand customer requirements accurately. Research can reduce or even eliminate the designer's understanding deviation of customer requirements, and provide support for reducing design changes, reducing product development costs, and improving the success rate of product development.