中国丝皮革菌科物种多样性与分子系统学研究

丝皮革菌科是隶属于担子菌门、多孔菌目的一类木生真菌。有别于多孔菌目其他类群的孔状子实层，丝皮革菌科是该目仅有的所有种类的子实层均为革状的科，具有独特的演化地位。除具有较高的木质纤维素降解能力外，丝皮革菌科种类还具有其他木生真菌少有的线虫捕食能力，是潜在的生防资源。丝皮革菌属是该单属科的模式属，世界范围已报道该属种类一百余个，虽已有部分种类被移出丝皮革菌科，但绝大部分种类是否属于该科尚缺少分子证据。我国大型真菌资源丰富，但对丝皮革菌属多样性的认知严重不足，仅报道了二十五个种类。因此，本项目拟在申请人前期已收集丝皮革菌科部分标本的基础上，对我国该科真菌进行系统性的野外调查，采集标本并分离菌株，建立菌种资源库，为开发利用提供基础。结合形态学和分子系统学方法研究丝皮革菌科标本和菌种，阐明我国该科物种多样性及分布范围，澄清该科种类的分类学位置，及该科与近源科、属间的界限，构建该科趋于自然的分类系统。

Hyphodermataceae, belonging to Polyporales, Basidiomycota, is a group of wood-inhabiting fungi. Comparing with other groups bearing poroid hymenophore in Polyporales, Hyphodermataceae is the only family where all species possess corticioid hymenophore in this order. This hymenial character places Hyphodermataceae in a special evolutionary position. Besides the capacity of well degrading lignocelluloses, species in Hyphodermataceae have nematode-trapping ability that is rare in other groups of wood-inhabiting fungi. This thus makes species in Hyphodermataceae as potential resources of nematode biocontrol. Hyphoderma is the type genus of the monotypic family Hyphodermataceae, and more than one hundred species have been worldwide reported in this genus. Although certain species formerly belonging to Hyphoderma have been excluded from Hyphodermataceae, no molecular evidence determines whether most of the remaining species of Hyphoderma belong to this family. China has an extremely high species diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi, but the knowledge of species diversity of Hyphoderma in China is seriously insufficient that is indicated by only twenty-five species recorded. Given above, as the continuation of previously gathering some specimens of Hyphodermataceae by the applicant, this project tries to perform a systematic field investigation on this family in China: collecting specimens, isolating strains and meanwhile providing a strain resource library for future development and utilization. All gathered specimens and strains of Hyphodermataceae will be subjected to studies of morphology and molecular systematics, which will clarify species diversity and geographic distribution of this family in China. Moreover, the taxonomic position of each species of Hyphodermataceae and the delimitation among this family and its closely related families and genera will be clarified. Eventually, a taxonomic system of Hyphodermataceae towards nature will be constructed.