水产贝类高效靶向基因组分型技术及液相育种芯片创建

优良品种的培育是支撑贝类养殖业可持续发展的关键因素，以全基因组选择为代表的现代分子育种技术是贝类遗传改良的前沿研究热点。然而开展贝类全基因组选择面临的首要问题是如何高效低成本的获取全基因组水平的基因型信息。针对国际上主流基因分型技术存在成本高、检测标记类型单一、灵活性不高等局限性，申请人前期建立了高效低成本的基于液相分子杂交的靶位点分析技术HD-Marker，为水产贝类的靶向基因分型提供了重要的技术手段。针对HD-Marker应用于贝类全基因组选择的技术需求，本研究拟建立适用于贝类活体微量取样的高通量靶向基因分型技术，结合探针通量的“硬提升”和基因型填充方法的“软提升”策略，大幅度提升标记检测密度，使检测通量达1000k，同时创建高通量、高精准的兼顾单碱基变异（SNP）和结构变异（SV）同步检测的液相育种芯片，为水产贝类关键效应位点的精细定位以及准确全面的基因组预测提供重要的技术手段。

Genetic breeding of novel varieties with excellent traits is crucial for the sustainable development of shellfish aquacultural industry. Genomic selection has become a frontier and promising strategy in molecular breeding. Nevertheless, the key prerequisite for implementation of genomic selection on shellfish is to obtain genome-wide genotyping information in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Application of current mainstream genotyping platforms in shellfish usually suffers from high cost, limited marker type and/or low flexibility. To overcome these issues, we developed an in-solution hybridization-based method (HD-Marker) for cost-effective and genome-wide targeted genotyping in shellfish. To meet the requirements for genomic selection of shellfish, we plan to establish a highly-efficient, nonlethal HD-Marker targeted genotyping approach with the marker detection power reaching to 1000,000 target genomic variants by adopting both ultrahigh-throughput probe panels and genotype imputation method. In addition, we will develop an integrated, high-throughput HD-Marker breeding array that is capable of genotyping diverse marker types including SNPs and various structural variations. This project will offer an important technical platform for the fine mapping/evaluation of key trait-related variants and improvement of genomic prediction in aquacultural shellfish.