蜂花粉采集和蜂粮酿制中致敏蛋白的酶促降解与发酵转化机制

蜂花粉被誉为“全能的营养库”，具有极高的营养和保健价值。然而，部分易敏人群食用蜂花粉后引发的食源性过敏现象严重制约其深加工利用与产业发展。蜂花粉过敏原研究已成为行业热点，其致敏性在蜜蜂采集和酿制过程中有所缓解，但具体作用机制不清。本项目以同一植物来源（Brassica campestris L.）的油菜花粉、油菜蜂花粉及蜂粮为研究对象，首先测定其致敏蛋白的氨基酸序列，分析致敏蛋白的抗原表位等致敏属性，查明研究对象中致敏蛋白及致敏性差异；然后鉴定研究对象中的差异代谢物，及蜜蜂唾腺蛋白酶类组成，通过酶类-代谢物关联分析阐明蜜蜂唾腺酶对致敏蛋白的酶促降解机制；最后测定研究对象中优势菌种组成差异，构建微生物-代谢物互作网络，并通过功能富集分析明确微生物对致敏蛋白的发酵转化机制。本研究将探明蜂花粉采集和蜂粮酿制中致敏蛋白的酶促降解与发酵转化机制，为后续建立高效的蜂花粉致敏原脱除技术提供理论基础。

Bee pollen is a nutrient-rich treasure trove and has been used widely because of its high nutritional and health care value. But some people have allergic symptoms after eating bee pollen, which restricted the further processing and utilization of bee pollen. Bee pollen allergen research has become hotspot. Bee pollen allergy can be alleviated through honeybee collecting and brewing processes, however the mechanisms remained unclear. In this project, manually collected pollen, bee collected pollen and bee bread from the same plant source (Brassica campestris L.) were used as research samples. Firstly, this project will try to determine the amino acid sequences of pollen allergens, as well as to analyze their antigenic epitope and other allergic properties, and to clarify the differences in allergen composition and sensitizability among different samples. Secondly, the metabolite markers with significant differences among different samples as well as the proteases secreted by honeybee salivary glands will be identified, and the interactions between enzymes and metabolites will be analyzed to discover the potential mechanism of enzymatic degradation on allergens. Finally, we will screen the microbial markers among different samples and construct a microbiota-metabolites interaction network for exploring the potential fermentation transformation mechanism of microorganisms to allergens. This project helps to clarify the enzymatic degradation and fermentation transformation mechanisms of bee pollen allergens during honeybee collecting and brewing processes, and provide a theoretical foundation for further developing more efficient technology for bee pollen allergens elimination.