基于GC–MS代谢组学技术筛选酵母培养物调节瘤胃功能的有效组分及其作用机制研究

酵母培养物因其促生长、抗应激、保障肠道健康且成本低等优点，成为抗生素替代品研发的热点。研究表明它是通过酵母细胞发酵时所产生的细胞外代谢产物来发挥作用，但代谢产物组成复杂,其主要或特定的有效成分未有确切描述和解释，导致其作用机制尚不明确，严重限制其应用。本项目基于GC–MS非靶向代谢组学等技术，通过体外培养和动物试验，运用多元变量分析方法，筛选并确证具有调节瘤胃功能的酵母培养物有效组分，探讨有效组分对瘤胃微生物组和代谢组的影响，构建差异菌群、代谢产物及通路的互作体系，从而全面和深入系统地揭示酵母培养物对瘤胃调控作用机理和营养代谢机制。预期本研究将为酵母培养物在反刍动物营养中的高效利用提供理论依据。

Yeast culture (YC) can promote growth performance, resistance to stress and can sustain intestinal health and therefore represent antibiotics alternative. Studies have shown that these properties are due to various extracellular metabolites produced by yeast cells during fermentation. However, application of YC is seriously limited by the fact that the composition of their metabolites is complex, that the main effective components specific to the YC are unknown and that their mechanism of action is not clear. The purpose of this study is to screen the “effective ingredients” of YC which could regulate rumen function using non-targeted metabolomics based on GC-MS, multivariate statistical analysis and fermentation experiments in vivo and vitro. Meanwhile, explore the influence of effective components on rumen microbiome and metabonomics, and construct the interaction system of different flora, metabolites and their pathways, so as to comprehensively and deeply understand the regulation mechanism and nutrient metabolism mechanism of YC on rumen. This study will provide the theoretical basis for a rational and effective utilization of YC for the nutrition of ruminants.