小型声学空间听觉定位的关键因素及其应用

听觉定位包括方向定位和距离感知，是多种声学因素综合作用的结果。在反射声环境下，直达与反射声的共同作用使听觉定位信息的处理变得复杂。在小型声学空间，早期反射的延时不一定处于优先效应范围，低频驻波模态的作用频率范围与低频定位因素的作用频率范围重叠，高频反射则难以形成扩散声场,从而反射声对定位因素的作用机制与大型声学空间存在显著差别。本项目拟对小型声学空间的听觉定位及相关问题进行系统、综合的研究。首先，采用数值模拟、物理分析、心理声学实验相结合的方法，研究不同声学参数及其组合下的听觉定位能力，以及声源空间信息分离引起的目标语言可懂度的提高；然后，通过因素分析得出小型空间影响听觉定位的关键因素；最后，分析关键定位因素与小型空间声学参数之间的相关性，获得其简化参数模型，并应用于小型空间声学设计的优化和听觉虚拟现实算法的简化。相关研究结果与自由场和大型声学空间的听觉定位理论形成互补，具有重要应用价值。

Auditory localization consists of direction localization and distance perception, which is the comprehensive result of a variety of acoustic factors. In the reflective environment, the combined effect of direct sounds and reflections makes the processing of auditory localization information complex. Especially, for a small acoustic space, such as a small room or a car cabin, the delay of early reflection is not always within the range of precedence effect, the effective frequency range of the low-frequency standing wave mode overlaps that of the low-frequency localization cue, and there is not diffuse sound field caused by the high frequency reflections, so that the influence rule of reflections on auditory localization significantly differs from that in a large-scale acoustic space. In this project, we will systematically and comprehensively study the issues relevant to auditory localization in a small acoustic space. First, by using the methods of numerical simulation, physical analysis and the psychoacoustic experiment, we investigate the auditory localization ability under different acoustic parameters (and their combinations), and the target speech intelligibility increase caused by the spatial information separation among multiple sound sources. Then, the key cues of auditory localization in a small space can be obtained through factor analysis. Last, through correlation analysis between the key cues of auditory localization and acoustic parameters, we can obtain the simplified parameter model of a small acoustic space, which can be used to optimize the acoustic design and simplify the auditory virtual reality algorithm of the specific small acoustic space. The research can not only compensate for the conclusions of free field and large acoustic spaces, but also have important application value.