水浸-真空碳热还原联合处理含锌电炉粉尘资源化利用基础研究

我国电炉炼钢产能大，过程中会伴随产生大量含锌粉尘，但含锌粉尘的利用水平和生产规模还相对滞后。尽管国内一些企业通过引进消化国外技术或自主开发的方式，取得了一些研究成果，但冶炼工艺的各项指标仍有较大进步空间。含锌电炉粉尘有价组元的选择性还原、定向迁移富集是实现含锌电炉粉尘高效绿色利用的关键所在。针对该问题，本课题将湿法冶金和真空冶金有机结合运用到含锌电炉粉尘高效资源化利用中。采用理论计算与实验研究相结合的方式，系统全面地研究水浸-真空碳热还原联合处理含锌电炉粉尘资源化利用过程中的热力学特性和反应机理，建立水浸液中KCl和NaCl蒸发结晶调控机制，探明水浸渣中铁、锌元素的还原行为及锌元素的挥发机理和冷凝回收规律，建立含锌电炉粉尘绿色高效回收KCl、NaCl、金属锌和高品位含铁物料过程最佳工艺条件，以期为我国含锌电炉粉尘有价组元提取回收工艺的全面提升提供有力保证。

The capacity of electric furnace steelmaking is very large in China, and the process will be accompanied by a large amount of dust, however, the process scale and operation level of the using zinc-bearing electric furnace dust is relatively backward. Some company in China has either imported the abroad production technology or self-developed the own technology of the using of zinc-bearing electric furnace dust, however, the improvement of the technical and economic indexes of the production are still necessary. Selective reduction, directional migration and enrichment of valuable components of zinc-bearing electric furnace dust are the key steps of the efficient green utilization of zinc-bearing electric furnace dust. For this problem, the combination of hydrometallurgy and vacuum metallurgy will be applied to the efficient utilization of zinc-bearing electric furnace dust. The thermodynamic characteristics and reaction mechanism during the utilization of zinc-bearing electric furnace dust treated by water leaching-vacuum carbothermal reduction method will be systematically studied by combining theoretical calculation with experimental study. The regulation mechanism of KCl and NaCl during the evaporation and crystallization in filtrate will be established. The reduction behavior of iron and zinc elements in water leaching residue and the volatilization mechanism and condensation recovery of zinc are investigated, and the optimum technology parameters for green recovery of KCl, NaCl, zinc and high grade iron concentrate from electric furnace dust are obtained. It is hoped to provide a strong guarantee for the improvement of the recovery and extraction process of valuable components in zinc-bearing electric furnace dust.