面向船体平面分段精度建造的装配-焊接工艺力学研究

船体平面分段作为现代造船模式中的关键中间产品，数量众多；其建造精度主要由装配-焊接工艺决定，是精度造船的重要研究内容。本课题拟研究装配-焊接过程的力学响应及其对建造精度的影响机制，初步构建装配-焊接工艺力学研究方法。基于焊接接头的工艺试验，以及高通量的热-弹-塑性有限元计算，进行焊接固有变形的精准度和完整度研究；构建焊接接头的试验空间和固有变形数据库。提出焊接过程的冷-热源同步施加方法，阐述局部温度调控影响残余塑性应变的力学机理；通过装配-焊接的耦合机理研究，提出拘束刚度表征工装夹具、定位焊等装配工艺的力学响应，揭示装配误差的累积效应；基于已焊构件的阻抗刚度演化研究，阐述焊接顺序影响固有变形、装配误差的力学机理。通过弹性有限元计算，优化装配-焊接工艺参数，降低焊接力学载荷；提高装配精度、工装夹具的拘束刚度和已焊构件的阻抗刚度，共同确保平面分段的建造精度，提升船舶建造水平和国际市场竞争力。

Ship panel section with massive amount is the key intermediate product during modern shipbuilding mode, while its fabrication accuracy is dominantly decided by fitting-welding processing and is the essential research content for accurate shipbuilding. This proposal will concentrate on mechanical response during fitting-welding process, and clarify its influence mechanism on fabrication accuracy of ship panel section; moreover, preliminarily establish research approach of fitting-welding processing mechanics. Based on processing experiment of typical welded joint and thermal-elastic-plastic finite element computation with high throughput, precision and integrity of welding inherent deformation are carried out to establish experimental space of welded joints and database of welding inherent deformation. Application of additional thermal and cooling sources during welding process is proposed, while its mechanical mechanism is examined to clarify the influence of local temperature adjustment on residual plastic strains. Coupling mechanism of fitting-welding processing is also investigated; and constraint rigidity is then proposed to demonstrate mechanical response of tooling fixture and tack welding, while accumulation effect of fitting tolerance is studied. With evolution research of resistance rigidity of welded structure, mechanical mechanism to clarify the influence of welding sequence on welding inherent deformation and fitting tolerance is then presented. With elastic finite element computation, processing parameters of fitting-welding are optimized to reduce applied welding load, and enhance fitting accuracy, constraint rigidity of tooling fixture, as well as resistance rigidity of welded structure, which will together guarantee fabrication accuracy of examined ship panel section, improve ship construction level and competitive power in international ship market.