聚苯乙烯微塑料对纳米氧化锌在小球藻—大型蚤食物链传递的影响及作用机制

纳米氧化锌（ZnO NPs）等纳米材料的广泛应用对水生生态安全构成威胁。微塑料（MPs）作为全球性新型污染物，对ZnO NPs的生物效应与食物链传递的影响尚不清楚。本项目拟构建小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）—大型蚤（Daphnia magna）水生食物链，以聚苯乙烯微塑料（PS MPs）为代表，考察PS MPs存在下ZnO NPs理化性质（溶解性和吸附性）的变化，探明PS MPs对ZnO NPs在藻细胞的界面行为、亚细胞分布与赋存形态及其沿食物链传递至大型蚤的影响。从生理生化水平（藻细胞光合活性、酶活性及大型蚤生长、行为与消化生理）、代谢水平（代谢产物和生物标志物）和转录水平（调控代谢产物与消化生理、富集ZnO NPs的关键基因）探讨PS MPs存在下ZnO NPs对小球藻和大型蚤的生物效应及其分子机制。研究成果可为评价纳米材料的生态风险与潜在人体健康影响提供科学依据。

The wide application of nanomaterials, such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), poses a threat to aquatic ecological security. As new global pollutants, the impacts of microplastics (MPS) on the biological effect and trophic transfer of ZnO NPs are still not clear. This project aims to construct the aquatic food chain from Chlorella vulgaris to Daphnia magna. Polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) will be selected as an example to investigate its impact on the physicochemical properties (solubility and adsorption) of ZnO NPs, and then on the interface behavior, subcellular distribution and occurrence of ZnO NPs in the algal cells as well as their transfer potential to D.magna along the food chain. The biological effect and molecular mechanism of ZnO NPs on C. vulgaris and D.magna in the presence of PS MPs will be studied from the aspects of physiological and biochemical level (photosynthetic activity of the algal cells, enzyme activity and growth, and behavior and digestive physiology of D.magna), metabolic level (metabolites and biomarkers) and transcription level (key genes regulating metabolites, digestive physiology and enriching ZnO NPs). The research results will provide a scientific basis in evaluating the ecological risk and potential human health risks of nanomaterials.