采掘动载应力波特征及其诱发断层冲击地压机制研究

采动诱发煤矿断层冲击地压愈发严重和复杂，探讨采掘动载应力波诱发断层冲击地压的机制是当前煤炭开采中亟需解决的科学问题。本项目研究煤岩破裂产生动载应力波的波形特征（振幅、频率、持续时间、能量），分析其与煤岩体岩性、破裂类型、微观形貌、裂纹扩展形态和尺度的相关性，得到其主要影响因素；利用煤系地层断层发育地质力学试验系统，研究采掘动载应力波在煤系地层的传播衰减规律，探究其对断层区域构造-采动叠加应力场和能量传递的影响规律，确定采掘动载应力波导致断层活化的“时-空-能”临界条件；构建断层活化动载应力波诱发冲击地压的理论模型，揭示采掘动载应力波与断层活化动载应力波之间的互动机制；结合现场监测和数值模拟，研究断层特性对断层活化动载应力波传播衰减、煤岩应力分布及采场稳定性的影响，阐明断层活化动载应力波诱发冲击地压的动力学过程。研究成果对深入认识采掘诱发断层冲击地压的机理及防治具有重要理论和实用价值。

Coal mine fault rock burst induced by mining becomes more serious and complex. It is an urgent scientific problem to explore the mechanism of fault rock burst induced by mining dynamic stress wave in the current coal mining engineering. This project will study the characteristics (amplitude, frequency duration and energy) of dynamic stress wave generated by coal rock fracture, and analyze their correlation with coal rock lithology, fracture type, microstructure, crack propagation morphology and scale, and then obtain the main influencing factors. Based on the geomechanical test system of fault development in coal measures strata, this project will study the propagation and attenuation law of mining dynamic stress wave in coal measure strata and its influence on tectonic stress and energy transfer in fault area, and determine the "time-space-energy" critical condition of fault activation caused by dynamic stress wave. Besides, the project will establish the theoretical model of rock burst induced by fault activation dynamic stress wave, construct the theoretical model of rock burst induced by dynamic stress wave generated by fault activation, reveal the interaction mechanism between mining dynamic stress wave and fault activation dynamic stress wave. Combined with field monitoring and numerical simulation, the project will explore the influence of fault characteristics on propagation and attenuation of fault activation dynamic stress wave, coal stress distribution and stope stability, so that reveal the dynamic mechanism of rock burst induced by fault activation dynamic stress wave. The research results have important theoretical and practical value for further understanding the mechanism and prevention of fault rock burst induced by dynamic stress wave.