基于材料检测与数据挖掘的浙江文物建筑外饰面病害演化机制研究

浙江地区的文物建筑多采用“灰瓦白墙”的建筑形式，该类“白墙”的外饰面主要以抹灰等工艺对墙体进行装饰和保护。经调研发现，因长期受地理、水文、大气等环境要素及人为因素的影响，外饰面出现了苔藓、霉菌、空鼓、酥碱等病害问题。且随着饰面病害的加剧，墙体基底的砖砌块进一步出现酥碱、粉化及崩解等继发病害。因此外饰面的病害问题解决与否，是直接影响文物建筑墙体基底材料能否免于继发性病害侵蚀的关键所在。课题以浙江地区文物建筑抹灰工艺的外饰面为研究对象，通过材料学及计算机科学的学科交叉与应用，进行病害的信息采集与材料的检测分析，探究外饰面病害与材料化学组分及微观结构演变的内在关系；分析外饰面病害与墙体继发病害的关联机制，从根源探查外饰面的病害机理；利用数据挖掘技术，建立病害预测模型，探索文物建筑外饰面病害的演化机制，提出适宜的材料优化与病害控制策略，为文物建筑的可持续保护提供参考和依据。

Zhejiang heritage buildings are known for their combination of grey tile and white walls. These walls are mainly decorated and protected by external plastering. With the time going on, the external surface of the wall has some diseases such as moss, mould, hollowing and alkali, which are affected by the environment factors such as geography, hydrology, atmosphere and human factors. After sufficient investigation, the aggravation of the surface diseases further induces the occurrence of alkali, pulverization and disintegration and other secondary diseases on the brick blocks of the wall base. Therefore, the solutions to external surface disease is the key to effectively protecting the base material of the wall of cultural relics from secondary damage erosion. The subject will focus on the exterior surface of the wall of heritage buildings. Through the information collection and disease analysis, the internal relationship between the disease of exterior surface and chemical components and structural evaluation of corresponding materials is revealed. The relationship between the external surface diseases and the secondary diseases of the wall is further analyzed. The mechanism of the external surface diseases is illustrated. The paper analyzes the influence of disease on chemical components and micro-structure of materials by using data mining technology, establishes the protection mechanism of external surface materials, and puts forward appropriate optimization strategies. This project provides comprehensive basic data and reference for the sustainable protection of heritage buildings.