多金属复合气凝胶用于新型太阳能光热电联发集成研究

为了有效解决淡水紧缺和能源危机，针对当前海水淡化技术光吸收差且中间产生能量未被充分利用的现实情况，本项目提出了基于多金属复合气凝胶的界面太阳能光蒸汽转换—复合型摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）集成系统的构建新思路，力求通过多孔金属复合气凝胶获得高效的太阳能水蒸发行为，同时开创性将固-液界面TENG和液-液界面TENG双级联以构建复合发电机，突破系统能源利用不充分的桎梏，为同时同步解决淡水生产和发电提供多功能化，多样性的材料与器件联合途径。通过研究各阶装置的材料制备、架构设计与工作过程，掌握金属基气凝胶的等离激元共振效应调制关键，探究复合型TENG的匹配机理，同时探明微观层面纳米发电机中载流子输运机制，最终阐明太阳能光蒸汽-离子浓度差发电-复合TENG多级能源联发的协同效应。本项目的设计路线与构建策略可以为未来的多级能源联发技术提供创新性的设计思路和可编程的实现途径，具有重要的现实研究意义。

In order to effectively overcome the shortage of fresh water and the energy crisis, in view of the fact that the current seawater desalination technology has poor light absorption and the energy generated in the middle process is not fully utilized, in this proposal we put forward a new idea of an integrated system which constructs of a multi-metal composite aerogel-based interface solar-vapor conversion and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). It strives to obtain efficient solar evaporation behavior through porous metal-composite aerogels, while pioneering the dual solid-liquid interface TENG and liquid-liquid interface TENG to build a composite nanogenerator. The nanogenerator breaks through the shackles of insufficient energy utilization of the system, and provides a joint approach of multi-functional, diverse material and device for simultaneously solving the generation of fresh water and power generation. By studying the material preparation, architecture design and working process of each stage, the aim is to master the key to tune the plasmon resonance effect of metal-based aerogels, explore the matching mechanism of composite TENG, explore the transport mechanism of nanogenerator and finally clarify the synergistic effect of multi-level energy generation composed of solar-vapor, electricity generation from salinity and mixed TENG. The design route and construction strategy of this project can provide innovative design ideas and programmable implementation methods for the future multi-level energy generation technology, which is so significant on the practical research.