植物蛋白基人造肉电场诱导的质构调控和欧姆加热风味形成的机理

我国党和政府带领人民取得了脱贫战役的伟大胜利。然而，人们对美好生活的向往无止境，人口持续增长，直接面临粮食安全问题。优质食品是人类的第一物质需求，我国人口总数已达14亿，预计到2030年，肉类产品的供给缺口将超过3.8万吨。动物细胞培养肉的产量很低生产成本很高是最大的挑战，“植物性肉”的开发及品质提升具有经济方面的独特优势。我国传统素肉产品多表现为“素”而非“肉”，工业化“植物性肉”制造所用挤压法主要是“膨化”而非“质构化”。为此，本项目拟采用外部电场诱导，利用蛋白质本身的电荷性质使其进行分子重排，自组装成具有同向排列的纤维特征，从本质上改善植物蛋白的质构，为“植物性肉”的制造提供变性程度低的优质原料，探讨主要豆类和油料种籽蛋白及抗营养因子在不同形式电场（交变电场、直流电场和脉冲电场）作用下质构、理化性质和食用品质的变化及其机理以及欧姆加热熟化对植物蛋白肉风味形成的影响和机理。

The Communist Party of China and Chinese government have led the people winning a great victory in fighting against poverty. However, people's desire for a better life is endless; the population continues to grow, and food security is a direct facing issue. High-quality food is the first material demand of human beings. The total population of China has reached 1.4 billion. It is estimated that by 2030, the supply gap for meat products will exceed 38,000 tons. The production of animal cell cultured meat with very low yield and very high cost challenges; while the development and quality improvement of "plant-based meat" are of unique economic advantages. Traditional vegetarian meat products in China are mostly "vegetarian" rather than "meaty". The extrusion method used in the manufacture of industrialized "plant-based meat" is mainly "puffing" rather than "texturing." To this end, this proposed project is intended to use external electric fields to induce the molecular rearrangement of the protein to self-assemble into orientated fiber by taking advantage of their charge properties, providing the plant-based meat manufacturing industry with high-quality raw materials of low denaturation. The changes and the relative mechanism of the impact of different forms of electric fields, such as alternating electric field, DC electric field, and pulse electric field, on the texture, physical and chemical properties, and edible quality of the main legume and oilseed seed proteins and anti-nutritional factors, and also the effect and the mechanism of ohmic heating on the flavour formation of plant-based meat will be investigated.