污水中病原微生物气溶胶化过程及传输机制

污水中的大量微生物尤其是病原微生物，在污水处理过程中由于曝气、机械搅拌等原因，逸散到空气中，形成生物气溶胶，污染环境，危害人体健康。针对当前城市污水处理厂病原微生物气溶胶的研究现状和不足，试验室模拟结合实际监测，利用分子生物学与物理化学联合的分析识别方法，解析污水处理过程中产生的病原微生物气溶胶的数量、粒径及种类等特征。揭示地域特点、处理工艺等因素与病原微生物气溶胶的关联性；明确曝气充氧、推动水流、机械驱动等扰动方式病原微生物气溶胶的形成过程，探明病原微生物从水相→水相表层→气/液界面→气相的迁移特征及其在空气中的存活、增值、凋亡、转移和转化规律；揭示病原微生物气溶胶扩散传输途径与动力学机制。阐明病原微生物气溶胶的控制原理；根据病原微生物气溶胶特征及污水处理单元构筑物特点，提出病原微生物气溶胶的削减技术与控制策略，为城市污水处理厂病原微生物气溶胶的削减与控制提供科学依据和理论基础。

A large number of microorganisms in sewage, especially pathogenic microorganisms, release into the air due to aeration or mechanical agitation during wastewater treatment processes, forming bioaerosols, which pollute the environment and endanger human health. In view of the current research status and shortcomings of the pathogenic microorganism aerosols in the urban wastewater treatment plant, modern molecular biological techniques and physical-chemical analysis methods were applied to investigate the quantity, particle size and type of the pathogenic microorganism in the bioaerosols. Via modeling tests and actual monitoring, our research work will focus on analysis the relationship between the factors, e.g. regional characteristics, treatment process, and the pathogenic bioaerosols; to clarify the formation process of the pathogenic bioaerosols under different disturbance modes such as aeration, water flow, and mechanical drive; to find out the migration of pathogenic microorganism in the path of water body, water surface, interface of gas and liquid and atmosphere; to reveal its survival, increment, apoptosis, transfer and transformation rules in the air; to uncover the mechanism in pathogenic bioaerosols diffusion and transmission, and to clarify the control principle of pathogenic bioaerosols. According to the characteristics of pathogenic bioaerosols and the structure of wastewater treatment unit, the reduction technology and control strategy of pathogenic bioaerosols are put forward, which provides scientific basis and theoretical basis for the reduction and control of pathogenic bioaerosols in municipal wastewater treatment plant.