大豆核雄性不育位点MS2的基因克隆及功能研究

杂种优势利用是大幅度提高作物产量的最有效途径。雄性不育系遗传背景狭窄、不育形成和作用机理不明晰以及杂交制种困难等因素极大地限制了大豆杂种优势规模化应用。但是，基于隐性核不育基因开发的智能雄性不育系统，为快速而有效利用大豆杂种优势提供了可能。我们前期首先将控制大豆育性的隐性核不育ms2位点进行了初步定位，利用单片段代换系群体进一步精细定位并图位克隆了ms2候选基因。生物信息学和遗传学分析证实MS2是控制大豆花药育性的基因，但其调控花药发育的机制尚不清楚。因此，本项目将通过遗传转化、蛋白质互作、细胞生物学观察、转录组测序结合生物信息学分析等手段解析MS2基因在大豆花药发育过程中的角色和功能，阐明其调控大豆雄性不育的分子机制。本项目研究结果将促进对大豆雄性不育机理的深入认知，同时为大豆杂种优势利用提供理论基础和宝贵基因资源，开发基于隐性核不育基因的智能雄性不育系统，将极大地促进杂交大豆产业发展。

Hybrid breeding is an important approach to increase yield in crops. Soybean is one of the few main crops without large-scale utilization of heterosis, which is mainly restricted by the limited germplasm resources of male sterile line, the unclear formation and mechanism of sterility and the difficulty of hybrid seed production. With the development of biotechnology, the utilization of recessive genic male sterility gene and the development of male sterility system based on advanced biotechnology provide the possibility for the rapid utilization of soybean heterosis. Previously, we and others have located the recessive nuclear male sterile locus ms2 on soybean chromosome by using the next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based bulked-segregant analysis method. Then we used the single segment substitution line population to further fine locate and map the candidate gene of MS2. Bioinformatics and genetic analysis confirmed that MS2 is the gene regulating the soybean male fertility. On this basis, we will explore the role and function of MS2 gene in soybean anther development by means of genetic transformation, protein-protein interaction, cell biology observation, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, and further study the molecular mechanism of its regulation in soybean male fertility. Our study will promote the deep understanding of the mechanism of soybean anther development, and provide theoretical basis and valuable genetic resources for soybean hybrid breeding, which has great potential for increasing crop yield.