基于可持续发展的露天矿边界品位-最终境界-开采计划联动优化

资源开采引发的环境问题、社会问题和资源紧缺问题日益凸显，其中又以露天矿开采对环境的影响最为严重，社会影响深远。当前露天矿优化设计中存在两个主要问题，一是针对露天矿边界品位、最终境界和开采计划三要素的设计一般是单独进行的，忽略了三者之间相互影响关系，难以得到全局最优解；二是露天矿开采优化仍以经济效益最大化为目标，忽略了实现矿山可持续发展的另外两个重要因素：环境因素和社会因素。鉴于此，本项目基于采矿学、生态学、运筹学以及社会学等交叉学科构建一套完整的环境问题和社会问题指标体系和量化模型；基于浮锥排除法基本原理，以金属含量最大为原则，建立边界品位、最终境界和开采计划整体优化算法；结合采矿工艺时空发展特点，将环境问题和社会问题同露天矿优化设计要素进行有机耦合，建立一套完善的基于可持续发展的露天矿边界品位-最终境界-开采计划整体优化理论模型和算法体系，以践行“为环境设计”理念，实现“源头”减量目标。

Environmental pollution, social problems and resource shortage are increasingly serious due to the resource extraction. Open pit mining produces the most significant influence on the environment and society. There are two main problems in optimizing open pit mine design. On the one hand, it is hard to achieve the globally optimal solution for the respective optimization without consideration of interaction among the cutoff grade, ultimate pit limit and mining plan. On the other hand, the maximization of economic benefit is still the objective of optimizing open pit mine design. The factors of environmental and social have been always ignored for mine sustainable development. In view of above considerations, an indicator system and quantitative model for environmental and social issues will be proposed based on the mining engineering, ecology, sociology and operational research firstly. In addition, an integral algorithm optimization for cutoff grade, ultimate pit limit and mining plan will be developed in relation to the theory of moving cone, following the principle of maximum metal content. Moreover, the environmental and social issues will be integrated into mine optimization design in view with spatial and temporal development characteristics of mining technology. Finally, a suitable theoretical model and algorithm based on the sustainable development for optimizing cutoff grade, ultimate pit limit and mining plan together will be established. The successful realization of this research will promote to deepen the concept of “design for environment” and achieve the aim of “source reduction”.