矿山酸性废水中微生物-矿物相互作用与砷、汞甲基化研究

重金属污染是中国面临的重大环境问题之一，而矿山酸性废水（Acid Mine Drainage，AMD）则是一个主要的重金属污染源。AMD作为一个典型的生物地球化学研究模式系统，对于揭示重金属的生物地球化学过程具有特别重要的意义。AMD中铁硫矿物氧化与AMD的形成、重金属的释放以及铁硫矿物的转化与重金属的转运都取得了重要进展，但对重金属形态变化和甲基化与重金属的环境归趋知之甚少。因此，本项目以AMD为模式系统，聚焦砷（As）和汞（Hg）两种重金属，综合利用宏基因组、宏转录组、金属组和矿物的表征技术，从多组学和元素形态转化层面深刻揭示微生物-矿物相互作用介导下的铁/硫转化与As、Hg归趋行为及甲基化的耦合关系，并建立相关的生物地球化学模型。这不仅有助于了解AMD带来的重金属污染过程中以及As和Hg等重金属的环境行为关系，也将为重金属污染评估与污染修复提供重要的理论支撑。

Heavy metal pollution is a major environmental problem in China, especially that caused by acid mine drainage (AMD). As a typical model for biogeochemical researches, the AMD has a great potential to reveal the biogeochemical processes of heavy metals. Many studies have been conducted about the microbial oxidation of metal sulfide minerals, the conversion of iron and sulfur and the release of heavy metals in the formation of AMD. However, further studies are needed about the microbial conversion and methylation of heavy metals. Therefore, this project focuses on two typical heavy metals, arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg), in AMD systems. We aim to reveal the relationship between the conversion of iron and sulfur and the transfer and methylation of As and Hg mediated by microbe-mineral interaction, using multiple analysis techniques including metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metallomic approaches as well as characterization of minerals. A biogeochemical model about above reactions while be build, contributing to the understanding about the environmental behavior and contamination process of heavy metals in AMD systems, which provides important theoretical support for assessment and remediation of heavy metal pollution.