基于高温超导纳米多孔YBCO薄膜结构的1550nm高效率单光子探测器研究

1550nm单光子探测器在量子通信、空间光通信、遥感测绘等领域具有广泛的应用前景，是国内外研究的重点。但目前该类高效率探测器（如超导纳米线单光子探测器、超导转变边探测器等）需工作在极低温环境（<3K），对制冷设备具有极高的要求，难以在机载、天基平台得到应用。因此，本项目拟对具有高工作温度适应性的基于高温超导YBCO薄膜的纳米多孔结构单光子探测器进行系统研究。理论上拟探索器件绝缘态到导电态的瞬间转变光学过程，详细阐述器件单光子探测机制；基于有限元仿真及表面等离子基元理论，建立纳米孔状结构及光学辅助结构的光学模型，实现不同极化方式的红外光波的高效吸收；探索纳米孔状结构与探测器性能（探测效率、暗计数等）的关联关系，结合理论优化实验以获得具有高工作温度、高探测效率的单光子探测器。本项目拟设计和制备的新型高温超导单光子探测器，为具有星载要求的空间光通信、遥感测绘等应用提供了新的探测方案。

Single photon detectors at the wavelength of 1550 nm have become a research focus due to the wide applications in fields of quantum communication, space optical communication and remote sensing mapping. However, the extremely low temperature working environment (<3 K) of currently developed high-efficiency detectors (such as superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, superconducting transition edge detectors, etc.) exposed great pressure on the refrigeration system, which greatly limited their application in airborne and space-based platforms. Therefore, this project proposed to conduct a systematic study on a nanoporous single photon detector based on high-temperature superconducting YBCO film with high operating temperature adaptability. Theoretically, the optical process of the instantaneous transition from the insulation state of the device to the conductive state is explored and the single photon detection mechanism of the device is elaborated. Based on the finite element simulation and surface plasma elementary theory, the optical model of the nanopore structure and the optical auxiliary structure is established to achieve high absorptance of infrared light with different polarization modes. Combined with theoretical optimization experiments, the correlation between nanopore structure and detector performance (detection efficiency, dark count rate, etc.) is explored in order to obtain single photon detection with high operating temperature and high detection efficiency. The new high-temperature superconducting single-photon detector to be designed and prepared in this project provides a new detection scheme for applications such as space optical communication and remote sensing mapping that have spaceborne requirements.