阴离子识别型晶态超分子材料用于高锝酸根的选择性分离

基于阳离子骨架的多孔晶态材料是一类用于放射性TcO4-分离的新材料，具有交换动力学快、交换容量高、芳香骨架耐辐照和易于功能化等优点。然而，在处理含大量共存的竞争离子的复杂体系时，此类材料依然存在分离选择性不足的问题。本项目拟将离子识别的理念应用到传统阴离子交换过程中，并结合客体诱导超分子组装方法设计合成具有TcO4-识别和分离能力的阴离子识别型晶态超分子材料，以通过增强的阴离子识别和响应机制来探索解决多离子竞争的复杂体系中TcO4-分离选择性不佳的问题。本项目将重点开展基于大环葫芦[8]脲的阴离子识别型晶态超分子材料的分子结构设计和制备合成、晶体结构和理化性质的表征与分析、TcO4-分离性能评价和TcO4-识别分离机理研究四个方面的研究内容。通过本项目的实施将可以建立对晶态超分子材料与TcO4-离子相互作用和识别分离机制的认识，并推动基于超分子软材料体系的放射性核素分离新方法的发展。

Porous crystalline materials based on the cationic framework are a new class of materials used for the separation of radioactive TcO4- anion, and have the advantages of fast exchange kinetics, high exchange capacity, radiation resistance of the aromatic framework, and easy functionalization. However, such materials still have the problem of insufficient separation selectivity when dealing with complex systems containing a large number of coexisting competitive ions. This project intends to apply the concept of ion recognition to the traditional anion exchange process, and in combination with the guest-induced supramolecular assembly method, to design and synthesize a new kind of anion-recognition crystalline supramolecular materials with the capabilities of TcO4- recognition and separation, aiming to explore the solution for the problem of poor TcO4-selectivity in a complex system with multi-ion competition via the enhancement of the anion recognition and the involvement of anion-responsive supramolecular systems. This project will focus on four main aspects: (1) structure design and synthesis of anion-recognizing crystalline supramolecular materials based on macrocyclic cucurbit[8]urea host; (2) characterization and analysis of crystal structure and physical and chemical properties, (3) evaluation of TcO4- separation performance, and (4) TcO4- recognition separation. Through the implementation of this project, it will be possible to establish an understanding of the interaction between crystalline supramolecular materials and TcO4- ions and identify the separation mechanism, and most importantly, to promote the development of new methods for the separation of radionuclides based on promising supramolecular soft material systems.