利用基因组NUMTs及SNPs信息研究不同种属野猪间的遗传关系及其对家猪的遗传贡献

普遍观点认为仅原始欧亚野猪（Sus scrofa）被驯化成家猪，而化石证据和基因组信息显示早期群体扩张时期欧亚野猪与其他种属野猪可能发生过杂交，在驯化过程中家猪和野猪也可能有基因交流。复杂的演化过程使猪科下各野猪间的遗传关系模糊，除欧亚野猪外的其他种属野猪对家猪有无遗传贡献也还未知。因此，梳理各种野猪的群体分化、生物学分类，解析其对家猪的遗传贡献，对猪的起源驯化研究具有重要生物学意义。随基因组结构变异研究越来越深入，源于线粒体的细胞核DNA序列，即NUMTs，以存在-缺失变异信息和“分子化石”特性代表进化史上独特的分子重组，在进化研究中发挥独特作用。项目申请人已对最新版本猪参考基因组绘制了NUMTs图谱，进一步利用各种属野猪和各品种家猪的NUMTs和常用遗传标记SNPs信息研究野猪间的遗传关系及其对家猪的遗传贡献，将有利于猪种质资源的科学保护和有效利用。

It is common knowledge that only ancient European wild boars (Sus scrofa) were domesticated into domestic pigs. However, fossil evidence and genomic information indicated that Eurasian wild boars might have hybridized with other suid species during the early period of population expansion, and domestic pigs might have hybridized with wild boars during the domestication. The complex process blurred the genetic relationship among wild boars within the family Suidae. It is unknown whether other wild boar species contributed to domestic pigs in addition to Eurasian wild boar. Therefore, analyzing the population differentiation and biological classification of various suid animals, and their genetic contributions to domestic pigs will quite help origin and domestication research. With lucubrating genomic structural variations, NUclear DNA sequences of MiTochondrial origin (NUMTs), as the unique molecular recombination, play a specific role in evolutionary research, because of the presence-absence mutation information and "molecular fossil" characteristics. The project applicant has drawn a genetic map of NUMTs based on the latest version of the pig reference genome. Further, this project plans to combine NUMTs and SNPs (common genetic markers) information from wild and domestic pigs within the family Suidae, to handle the genetic relationship among the wild boars, and to reveal their genetic contributions to domestic pigs. It is conducive to scientific conservation and sustainable use of pig germplasm resources.