高压半导体开关的新型非线性电路构造及性能提升方法

高压半导体开关是构成直流断路器、直流耗能装置等多种柔性输电系统故障保护装备的核心部件，然而现有高压半导体开关中用于过压保护的非线性电路限压性能不足，导致开关中大量电力电子器件的电压能力无法被有效利用，造成串联数量的浪费。本项目以提升半导体开关技术经济性为目标，提出一种模块化复合型的非线性电路新方案，通过将非线性电路进行模块化分散式配置、并引入放电间隙与MOV复合型串联的手段，能够在有效抑制器件暂态过电压的同时提高其稳态运行电压，从而在根本上提升器件的电压利用效率。在此基础上，本项目将深化研究模块化复合型非线性电路面向多工况的构造方法与限压机理，认知其在杂散参数耦合的时变特性规律并建立相应的宽频等效电路模型，最终提出复杂多参数下的综合性能调控手段，研究成果预计可提升器件电压利用率至70%，节约40%的串联器件数量，有力支撑相关尖端装备的制造。

High-voltage semiconductor switches are the core components of fault protection equipment for various flexible transmission system, such as DC circuit breakers and DC energy-consuming devices. However, the non-linear circuits used for overvoltage protection in the existing high-voltage semiconductor switches have insufficient voltage limiting performance, which leads to The voltage capability of a large number of power electronic devices cannot be effectively used, resulting in a waste of serial numbers. This project aims to improve the technical and economical efficiency of semiconductor switches, and proposes a new modular composite nonlinear circuit scheme. The nonlinear circuit is configured in a modular and distributed manner and the discharge gap is connected in series with the MOV composite type. It can effectively suppress the transient overvoltage of the device while increasing its steady-state operating voltage, thereby fundamentally improving the voltage utilization efficiency of the device. On this basis, this project will deepen the research on the construction method and voltage-limiting mechanism of modular composite nonlinear circuits for multiple operating conditions, recognize the time-varying characteristics of spurious parameter coupling, and establish corresponding broadband equivalents The circuit model finally proposes comprehensive performance control methods under complex and multi-parameters. The research results are expected to increase the device voltage utilization rate to 70%, save 40% of the number of series devices, and strongly support the manufacturing of related cutting-edge equipment.