580m高度范围超高层建筑疏散实验、多维耦合模型与管控方法

超高层建筑涉及数十上百楼层，突发事件下如何利用有限通道资源安全高效疏散纵向聚集人群，一直是其应急管理工作的核心问题，急需系统性的超高层建筑人群疏散规律数据与智能化的疏散管控方法。本项目首先组织高至580m特征高度范围垂直疏散实验与相似性实验，研究超高层建筑疏散关键区域人群运动特征规律与关键影响因素，确定应急疏散管理重点对象。接着，基于实验规律，建立完整刻画楼梯空间布局、人员台阶运动细节与纵向受力累积作用的三维网格楼梯疏散模型，并以此为核心构建多维度（三维楼梯、二维楼层、一维电梯）耦合的超高层建筑疏散模型。同时，建立楼梯、电梯协同疏散优化控制方案的快速解算方法，根据人群分布与疏散资源实时状况，即时生成人群疏散最优引导方案。最后，发展标准化的超高层建筑应急疏散能力评估与预案编制方法。项目将形成超高层建筑人群疏散规律知识库、综合模型、管控方法与预案体系，能够推动提升超高层建筑应急疏散管理水平。

Super high-rise buildings involve dozens of floors. In case of emergencies, how to safely and efficiently evacuate the crowds gather in the vertical by using the limited evacuation channel resources, has always been the core issue of emergency management of super high-rise building, and for which the systematic evacuation data and intelligent evacuation control technology of super high-rise buildings are urgently needed as a basis. Therefore, vertical evacuation experiments of super high-rise buildings with a height range of up to 580m and similarity group exercise experiments will be carried out firstly to study the characteristics of crowd movement characteristics in key areas (long-distance stair space, stairwell entry and exit position, elevator access position, etc.), and then to determine key objects of emergency evacuation management. Secondly, based on the experimental law, a stair evacuation model with three-dimensional grid that completely depicts the layout of evacuated stair space and the details of pedestrians movement on stairs will be established, and which will be took as the core to build a super high-rise building evacuation model with combined multi-dimensional space (three-dimensional staircase, two-dimensional floor, one-dimensional elevator). At the same time, a network flow model for super high-rise buildings’ evacuation progress by both stairs and elevators will be established, and then a genetic algorithm-based solution method for optimal evacuation strategy will be presented. With which the optimal crowd evacuation guidance scheme can be generated instantly according to the real-time situation of the population distribution and evacuation channel resources. At last, the standardized method for assessing emergency evacuation capacity and establishing emergency plan of super high-rise buildings will be developed. This project will form a knowledge base, comprehensive model, intelligent management strategy, assessment method and plan system for the emergency evacuation of super high-rise buildings, which can promote the level of emergency evacuation control of super high-rise buildings.