基于B2B电商的大宗商品供应链信息共享机制和合约设计研究

B2B电商重塑了大宗商品供应链，形成了基于指数合约、收益共享合约和现货交易的竞合关系供应链。以此类供应链为研究主体，本项目探索制约B2B电商开展基于大数据信息服务的瓶颈——信息共享机制和合约设计。具体研究内容如下：（1）比较原材料价格信息和市场需求信息对运营策略影响的差异，揭示这两类信息的互补性和替代性，为企业应用这两类信息和电商制定信息服务策略奠定理论基础。（2）研究电商如何与不同类型用户共享价格信息和需求信息；探索如何通过收益共享合约设计整合电商的交易服务和信息服务，揭示价格波动和竞争强度等市场因素对信息共享的影响。（3）分析指数合约设计的影响因素及其对信息共享的影响，比较指数合约与批发价合约的差异，诠释B2B电商采取寄售模式的内在动机。（4）基于理论研究，与电商合作设计信息共享策略并在线测试。本项目将丰富大宗商品供应链的信息共享理论和基于B2B电商的供应链管理理论。

The emergence of B2B platform has changed supply chain structures in numerous commodity industries. As a result, a new type of competition-cooperation supply chain has been formed, which adopts index-based contract, revenue sharing contract, and spot transaction. Based on such a supply chain structure, this research project intends to explore information sharing and contract design in commodity supply chain with B2B platform, which are the key bottlenecks restricting B2B platform to develop big data based information service. Specifically, we attempt to study the following research questions: (1) We distinguish the different effects of raw material price information and market demand information on operational strategies in competitive settings and further analyze their substitution and complementation. The managerial insights obtained would give suggestions for firms in commodity industries on how to apply raw material price information and market demand information, and also help B2B platforms develop scientific information service strategies. (2) We study how B2B platform shares raw material price information and/or market demand information with different types of B2B platform users, namely, buyers, cooperative sellers, and non-cooperative sellers. We explore how to integrate transaction service and information service of B2B platform through revenue sharing contract design. We further analyze the impacts of raw material price volatilities, competitive intensity, and other market factors on information sharing and contract design. (3) We identify the key factors that affect index-based contract design, and further investigate the interaction between index-based contract and information sharing. By comparing the effect of index-based contract with that of wholesale-price contract under different information structures, we attempt to reveal why B2B platforms are eager to adopt index-based contracts in recent years. (4) Based on the conclusion of theoretical studies, we cooperate with a certain B2B platform to design information sharing strategies and conduct online tests. The key contributions of this research project are to provide a better understanding of two-dimensional information sharing in supply chains, and to build up supply chain management theory based on B2B platform.