多孔固-固相变气候自适应墙体传热机理与实验研究

由于固定热物性参数的设定，传统建筑围护结构存在保温和隔热的矛盾，难以在冬季高效利用太阳的同时减少墙体夏季得热。本项目基于固-固相变材料的多孔和透明度可变特性，提出一种多孔固-固相变气候自适应墙体，实现墙体在冬季高效利用太阳能和夏季减少得热的双重目的。项目通过理论分析、数值模拟和实验相结合的方法，对墙体进行传热机理与性能优化研究，采用宏观方法来对多孔材料进行简化，将多孔固体骨架和空隙内空气视为连续性介质并采用局部容积平均法选择表征体元，采用吸收、发射和散射性介质的辐射传递方程建立墙体的辐射传递模型，根据多孔介质局部非热平衡方法和达西定律修正模型分别建立墙体控制体方程，并将其与辐射传递方程耦合求解；建立实验测试平台，并利用实验数据验证模型，模拟分析多孔固-固相变气候自适应墙体的能耗特征，优化墙体的结构参数，为多孔固-固相变气候自适应墙体的开发和应用奠定理论基础。

Due to the setting of fixed thermal physical parameters, the traditional building envelope has the contradiction of heat preservation and heat insulation, so it is difficult to use solar energy efficiently in winter and reduce heat gain in summer. Based on the characteristics of porous and variable transparency of solid-solid phase change materials, this project proposes a porous solid-solid phase change climate adaptive wall, which can realize the dual purposes of efficient utilization of solar energy in winter and reduction of heat gain in summer. Through the combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experiment, the project studies the heat transfer mechanism and performance optimization of the wall. The macroscopic method is used to simplify the porous material, the porous solid framework and the air in the void are regarded as continuous media, and the local volume average method is used to select and characterize the voxel. The radiation transfer model of solid-solid phase change materials is established by the radiation transfer equations of absorption, emission and scattering media. The porous solid-solid phase change climate adaptive wall control equation is established according to the local thermal non-equilibrium method of porous media and the modified Darcy law and then coupled with the radiation transfer equation. The experimental test platform is established and the experimental data is used to validate the model. The energy consumption characteristics of the porous solid-solid phase change climate adaptive wall are simulated and analyzed, and the structural parameters of the porous solid-solid phase change climate adaptive wall are optimized, laying a theoretical foundation for the development and application of climate adaptive wall.