超分子聚合物固态电解质的设计、合成与应用

全固态锂电池被公认为是下一代高能、安全的储能体系，而固态电解质，特别是聚合物固态电解质是其核心成分。理想的聚合物固态电解质材料应具有多功能性和可自适应性，才能满足电池在运行时动态变化的内部环境。本项目拟基于非共价合成，制备超分子聚合物，并将其作为锂电池的固态电解质，发展“超分子聚合物固态电解质”的新概念。其可能的优点有：（1）基于非共价键的“自识别、自组装”特性，超分子聚合物易于多功能化，从而利于高效制备多功能材料，并有望探索新的分子拓扑结构和功能。（2）非共价键“可逆、自适应”的特点利于制备“智能”材料，从而可根据电池的动态需求而“自适应”调整分子结构和功能，解决电解质材料的“静态功能”与电池的“动态需求”之间的不匹配问题。“超分子聚合物固态电解质”这一新的概念是超分子聚合物向实际应用的重要拓展，是传统的共价聚合物电解质的重要补充，将有望发展成为一类新的储能聚合物材料。

All-solid state lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been well recognized as the next generation energy storage system due to its high energy density and good safety. The solid electrolyte, especially polymer solid electrolytes, is the key component of all-solid state LIBs. During charging-discharging, the inner environment of LIBs continuously changes. Thus, the ideal polymer solid electrolytes should exhibit adaptive multi-functions to meet the dynamic acquirements of batteries. However, the conventional polymer electrolytes are based on covalent polymers, whose molecular structures and functions are “locked” by covalent bonds and thus could not changes to meet the dynamic acquirements of batteries. Here, we plan to develop a new kind of multi-functional “supramolecular polymer-solid electrolyte” (SPSE) based on the intermolecular noncovalent interactions. The possible advantage of SPSE are listed as follows. (1) The approach of “noncovalent synthesis” to fabricate SPSE is facile and convenient, which could simplify the synthetic efforts compared with the conventional approach of “covalent synthesis”. Moreover, some unique molecular topologies could be obtained based on the noncovalent interactions in SPSE. (2) The reversibility and adaptively of supramolecular chemistry facilitates the fabrication of smart materials whose functions could continuously change adapting to the dynamic environments of the LIBs. Moreover, SPSE could possibly well-organize some “incompatible” functions in conventional covalent polymer electrolytes. It is anticipated that the SPSE will become a new kind of polymer electrolyte for LIBs, which could shed light on the further development of other polymer-based energy storage materials.