基于蚕丝短纤网络可控构筑的仿生纤维增强复合材料的研究

高性能纤维增强复合材料在众多领域都有着重要应用，一直备受各国研究人员的关注与重视。目前的纤维复合材料制备主要从优化组分含量和工艺过程出发，相对缺少对纤维网络结构的调控。从仿生的角度，许多天然生物材料也属于纤维复合材料，且它们通过多层次的有序纤维结构实现了优异的力学特性和多功能性，从而为设计高性能纤维增强复合材料提供了重要启示。本项目遵循仿生理念，选择蚕丝这一轻质、高强、高韧的生物纤维作为增强体，利用冰模板法对其进行定向组装以实现有序纤维网络的可控构筑，进而制备仿生纤维增强复合材料。本项目将深入研究蚕丝纤维在冷冻过程中沿冰晶生长方向的取向和排列规律，并系统探讨纤维网络结构以及纤维-基体界面作用对复合材料力学性能的影响，以期为开发高性能仿生纤维增强复合材料提供理论和技术支持。

High-performance fiber-reinforced composite materials are highly demand in various fields, which have been increasingly concerned worldwide. Currently, the optimization of component and process are mainly focused for the fabrication of fiber-reinforced composites, while the structure of fiber network is rarely regulated. From a biomimetic view, many natural biomaterials can also be calssified as fiber-reinforced composites and they achieve remarkable mechanical property and multifunctionality by their hierarchically ordered fiber structures, providing important inspirations for the design of high-performance fiber-reinforced composite materials. Here, following the biomimetic strategy, silk fibers as a lightweight yet strong and tough reinforcing phase will be directionally assembled by ice-templating approach, in order to achieve the controllable construction of ordered fiber networks, and then the biomimetic composites can be prepared. We will study the rule of orientation and arrangement of silk fiber along the ice growth during the freezing process, and discuss the influence of fiber network as well as the fiber-matrix interaction on the mechanical properties of the composites. Based on the above, this project aims to provide theoretical and technical support for the fabrication of high-performance fiber-reinforced composite materials.