松软破碎煤岩体锚固力增强抑衰机理与调控

松软破碎煤岩体巷道被动支护现状是影响煤矿智能化的重大技术问题之一，科学合理的锚固方式是改变支护现状的有效方法，锚固单元的质量决定整个巷道围岩锚固质量。锚固单元形成时，存在成孔困难、孔壁局部破坏，锚固结构不合理、锚固力低下、锚固性能衰减快等瓶颈问题。项目以松软破碎煤岩体锚固单元为对象，依托拟自主研发的锚固实验台、护孔、修孔及改孔施工装置，采用理论分析、实验室实验及现场试验相结合的方法，确定锚固质量影响因素与失效模式，建立锚固失效模式与锚固力衰减特征对应关系，明晰锚固失效机理与锚固力衰减规律，明确引起锚固失效和锚固力衰减的条件及敏感指标，揭示锚固力增强抑衰机理，形成以“锚固孔保质钻进-锚固段特殊造孔-锚固界面强化”为核心的锚固靶向调控方法，通过项目的研究，可解决该领域松软破碎煤岩体巷道的锚固支护瓶颈问题，促进恶劣条件下巷道主动支护理论和方式的更新，同时对于煤矿智能化推进也具有重要的意义。

The condition of the passive support in soft broken roadway is one of the important technical problems that affect coal mine intellectualization. Scientific and reasonable anchoring method is an effective way to change the support conditions. The anchorage quality of the whole roadway depends on the anchorage unit quality. In the process of anchoring, a series of bottlenecks will appear, such as borehole wall collapse, unreasonable anchorage structure, poor anchoring force and fast attenuation of anchorage quality. Relying on the independently developed anchoring experimental platform and the devices of borehole wall protection, repairing and modification, the project takes the anchorage unit in soft broken roadway as the research object. Theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment and field test will be carried out to determine the influencing factors and failure modes of anchorage quality. By establishing the corresponding relationship between the anchorage failure modes and attenuation characteristics of anchoring force, the failure mechanism of anchorage and anchoring force attenuation characteristics will be clarified. In addition, the defining of the conditions and sensitive factors that cause anchorage failure and anchoring force attenuation will reveal the mechanism of anchoring force enhancing and anti-attenuation. Finally, the anchoring target control method with the core of drilling with high borehole quality-special drilling in anchorage section- anchorage interface strengthening will be formed. The project will solve the bottleneck of bolt support in the soft broken roadways and promote the renewal of the theory and method of active support in the bad roadway conditions. It will also have important significance for the promotion of coal mine intellectualization.