稻米中砷铁锌在体外模拟消化系统中的释放、相互作用及其调控机制研究

食品安全是我国居民健康，生活质量提高的保障。稻米作为我国居民的主食之一，可为人体提供糖类和蛋白质，也可提供铁、锌等，但一些稻米也含有一定量砷。降低稻米砷的健康风险，提高稻米铁、锌的摄入量，是健康食用稻米需重点关注的科学问题之一。项目拟利用三种典型体外模拟消化系统评估不同稻米中砷、铁、锌在模拟胃、小肠中的释放，利用SHIME法评估人体肠道微生物对三种元素的释放与转化影响，结合Caco-2细胞及小鼠实验，分析各系统评估稻米砷、铁、锌人体生物可给性/生物有效性的适用性；从砷、铁、锌在稻米组分中分布和形态、锌/铁/砷元素比、铁砷化合物形成及肠道微生物等方面分析影响三种元素在系统中释放及转化的主要因素并阐明其相互作用机制；分析调控稻米砷、铁、锌人体生物有效性的饮食途径并提出相应的调控策略。项目的研究将为准确判定稻米铁、锌的人体摄入及稻米砷的人体健康风险提供方法与依据，也将为健康食用稻米提供调控策略。

Food safety is the guarantee for the health and quality of life of Chinese residents. Rice, as one of the staple foods of Chinese residents, can provide starch, protein, iron and zinc for human body, but some rice also contains small amounts of arsenic. It is one of the important scientific issues to reduce the health risk of rice arsenic and increase the intake of rice iron and zinc for human body. In this project, three typical in vitro methods were used to evaluate the release of arsenic, iron and zinc from different rice grains in simulated stomach and small intestine, and the release and transformation of arsenic, iron and zinc by human intestinal microorganisms were also evaluated by the method of SHIME. Combined with the experiments of Caco-2 cell model and mice, the applicability of each in vitro method to evaluate the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of arsenic, iron and zinc from rice grains was analyzed. The main factors influencing the release and transformation of the three elements the in vitro methods were analyzed in terms of the distribution and form of zinc in rice components, the ratio of zinc/iron/arsenic, the formation of iron-arsenic compounds and intestinal microorganisms, and the mechanism of their interaction was also elucidated. The dietary pathways regulating the bioavailability of arsenic, iron and zinc in rice were analyzed and the corresponding control strategies were developed. The research will provide methods and basis data for the accurate determination of iron and zinc intake in rice and the human health risk of arsenic in rice, as well as control strategies for healthy eating rice.