精准扶贫影响教育不平等的研究

人力资本作为阻断贫困代际流动的根本途径，在巩固脱贫攻坚成果、深化扶贫战略中起到了至关重要的作用。本项研究使用中国贫困人口长期追踪调查数据和河南新县2012-2019年所有在校学生的信息，旨在验证精准扶贫是否缩小了贫困户和非贫困户之间的教育不平等。本课题的创新之处在于：（1）使用政府登记数据，最大程度的减小了样本抽样误差、样本不具有代表性等问题。（2）除了高中生辍学率、高考成绩等，构建了高考志愿、中考毕业去向等和最终教育成就密切相关的教育决策变量，对人力资本进行了更全面的评估（3）本项目运用双重差分法和断点回归法解决遗漏变量问题。作为第一个检验精准扶贫对教育不平等的研究，本项目有利于总结扶贫经验、理解政策作用机制，为制定下一步扶贫政策、在世界范围推广中国扶贫经验提供有力的理论和实证依据。

As the crucial way to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty, human capital plays a determinant role in consolidating the achievement in poverty reduction. Employing China’s Longitudinal Studies of the Poor and registered data of all students in Xin County Henan Province, this project aims to evaluate the causal effect of Targeted Poverty Alleviation program (TPA) on education equality between the poor and non-poor households. This project can make contributions in the following aspects. (1) This project uses administrative data to eliminate sampling errors and missing observations. (2) Except for dropout rate and college entrance exam, this project constructs two decision variables that are closely correlated with education attainment: college admission choice and school choice after middle school. That provides a complete evaluation of education inequality. (3) This project uses Difference-in-difference and Regression Discontinuity strategy to solve the omitted variable concern in identifying the causal correlation between TPA and education. As the first study testing the causal impact of TPA on education inequality, this project will help to understand possible mechanisms of TPA, and provide suggestions for future poverty alleviation in China and other parts in the world.