大豆花药特异基因SAS1调控雄性不育的功能研究

杂种优势利用是大幅度提高作物单产的有效途径。雄性不育系资源短缺导致大豆目前没有大规模利用杂种优势。随着基于隐性核不育基因开发的智能雄性不育系统的发展，为快速利用大豆杂种优势提供了可能。为加速大豆细胞核雄性不育基因鉴定，前期通过解剖大豆不同发育阶段花器官，利用转录组测序技术（RNA-sequencing）筛选出四个大豆花药特异表达基因，通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在大豆Williams 82中定向敲除，创制突变体。表型分析发现sas1（Soybean Anther Specific gene 1）功能缺失突变体完全失去雄性育性，而雌性育性正常并对营养生长阶段没有明显影响，表明SAS1在创制大豆雄性不育系中具有巨大潜力。本项目将运用细胞生物学、分子生物学、生物化学等方法对SAS1在大豆花药发育中的功能和分子机制进行深入研究，将促进大豆雄性不育系开发与利用，为杂交大豆产业发展作出贡献。

Utilization of heterosis is an effective and quick strategy to increase crop yield. Soybean is one of the few crops that have not perform hybrid breeding on a large scale due to the shortage of male sterile lines. With the development of intelligent male sterile system based on the recessive genic male sterile gene, it is possible to speed the heterosis application in soybean. To accelerate the identification of soybean genic male sterile genes, we previously dissected the soybean flowers at different development stages, and identified four anther specific genes by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) from the perspective of reverse genetics. Taking advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool, we generated the the four genes knockout mutants in Williams 82 background. The sas1 (Soybean Anther Specific gene 1) mutant completely lost the male fertility, but its female fertility was normal and had no obvious effect on the vegetative growth, indicating that SAS1 had great potential in creating soybean male sterile lines. Therefore, in this study we will use cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry combined with other methods to deeply explore the function and molecular mechanism of SAS1 in soybean anther development, which will promote the development and utilization of soybean male sterile lines, contributing to the development of hybrid seed industry in soybean.