燕麦单染色体特异标记开发和A基因组起源的研究

多倍化是物种形成和进化的重要驱动力之一。燕麦(Avena sativa)是多倍化研究的模式植物，受限于庞大的复杂基因组，其细胞学图谱构建落后于其他模式植物。本项目根据前期燕麦属基因组学研究的新发现，结合纳米孔测序数据和细胞遗传学技术，针对燕麦属染色体进化研究的主要瓶颈问题，开展以下研究：(1)根据长颖燕麦和异颖燕麦基因组数据，构建寡核苷酸荧光原位杂交技术体系，准确识别燕麦单条染色体；(2)采用荧光原位杂交技术，检测长颖燕麦特异的反转录转座子，筛选燕麦A基因组特异的重复序列探针。本项目以燕麦属野生代表种的基因组序列为切入点，在单拷贝核基因和重复序列水平开发细胞学标记，用于燕麦细胞学图谱构建，形成对野生种基因组资源的预览，更新人们对燕麦A基因组起源的传统认识，为燕麦起源和遗传改良提供开拓性成果。

Polyploidization is one of the important driving forces of speciation and evolution. Oat (Avena sativa) is a typical allohexaploid model plant, and its cytological map construction lags behind other model plants due to the restriction of huge and complex oat genome. In the project, the major bottleneck problems in oat chromosome evolution study will be investigated by the integration of genome sequencing data with Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and cytogenetic technologies, according to our team's new discovery in Avena genomics. The project aims to: (1) synthesize the oligonucleotide probe pools from the genomic data of A. longiglumis and A. eriantha, and estabilish the oligonucleotide fluorescence in situ hybridization (Oligo-FISH) labelling technology system to identify the individual chromosome of oat; (2) design the species-specific retrotransposon probes from genomic data of Avena wild representative species by FISH experiments, to screen oat A-genome specific repetitive DNA probes. The project objectives are to develop the cytological markers of single-copy nuclear genes and repetitive DNA sequences used in the oat cytological map construction, form the preview of Avena wild genomic resources, and update people's traditional understanding of the oat A-genome origin based on the genomic data of Avena wild representative species, providing the pioneering achievements for the genome origin and genetic improvement of oat.