基于健康影响评价的城市开放空间中体力活动多维测度、机理分析与规划设计响应

开放空间是城市积极生活基础设施的主体，是健康中国战略下营造健康城市、公园城市的重要依托。测度、理解市民在开放空间中的日常体力活动，探究健康导向的规划设计响应，是优化资源配置、改善市民福祉的基本环节。本项目以横断面研究为主，兼顾纵断面研究，采用报告（问卷、活动日志、访谈）和观测（GPS与三轴加速度感应器记录、监控视频与航拍分析）等多维方法对市民在开放空间中的体力活动数量、位置、时长等进行时空分布与环境背景制图；利用虚拟现实的准实验方法、建成环境变化机遇、规划设计干预的纵向和队列研究机遇，总结规律并校验和修正。在不同尺度上，结合空间量化与质性研究以识别影响体力活动的环境因子，分析人群活动与开放空间供给性关系的内在机理，将形成结合循证研究的评价方法、规划设计管理的调适策略与实施途径。本项目以健康影响评价为基础、以积极干预为目标，将为识别、强化、普惠开放空间的健康促进作用提供科学依据和方法框架。

As backbone of active living infrastructure, open space is a vital part of Healthy City making and Park-City making for Healthy China Strategy. Measuring and understanding citizens’ physical activity, exploring health-oriented planning and design adaptions, are integral to optimizing resource allocation and improving citizens’ wellbeing. This research will investigate and map the amount, duration, position and the environmental setting of citizens’ physical activity from subjective reporting (questionnaire, travel and activity diary, and interview) and objective measuring (GPS and accelerometer, surveillance video and UAV), with cross-sectional analysis mainly and longitudinal analysis. The mechanisms will be deciphered, calibrated and validated with virtual reality based quasi-experiments, longitudinal analysis and cohort studies relevant to built environment changes, planning and design interventions. With spatial-quantitative and qualitative methods, the environmental determinants of physical activity will be identified to unravel the association between open space affordance and physical activity at various scales. The evidence-based audit and evaluation, adaptive planning, design, management and implementation will be developed. Based on Health Impact Assessment, this research will provide scientific evidence and framework for identifying, reinforcing, and expanding health promotions of open space.