凹耳臭蛙繁殖生态与交配对策研究

交配对策是动物为获取更高繁殖适合度所采取的行为方式或策略，是动物婚配制度的核心内容，受选择压力、繁殖模式以及多种生态因素影响。凹耳臭蛙是中国特有的、专性山溪繁殖的偏雌SSD蛙类，繁殖期雄性集群求偶，交配机会有限但性内竞争温和。在这种模式下，雌雄两性分别采取何种交配对策？哪些因素对该物种的繁殖活动产生重要影响？本项目拟在前期工作的基础上，以野生种群和人工饲养种群为对象，针对该物种交配对策和繁殖生态开展研究。通过调查雄蛙合唱群结构及其与雌蛙到访率之间的关系，雌蛙产卵点卵团分布和密度及其与环境因素之间的关系，阐明影响两性繁殖成功的关键因素；通过剖析抱对行为形成前后两性的行为过程，以及雄蛙冲刺速度与获得交配机会之间的相关性，揭示该物种雄性交配对策和雌性配偶选择策略。研究结果为该物种栖息地保护提供理论依据，为探究偏雌SSD无尾两栖动物交配对策提供新的思路和证据，对进一步完善性选择理论具有重要意义。

Mating tactic is the behavior mode or strategy adopted by animals to obtain higher reproductive fitness, and it is the core content of animal mating system, which is affected by selective pressure, reproductive mode and many ecological factors. Odorrana tormota, a species obligate mountain stream breeding unique to China, belongs to typical female-biased SSD frogs. During breeding period, males congregate and inhabit low-lying vegetation alongside the streams and call for mating partners. The operational sex ratio at the calling sites is significantly male-skewed. Although they have limited mating opportunities, competition between males is moderate. In this mode, what mating strategies do males and females adopt respectively? Which factors are important to the reproductive activities of the species? On the basis of previous work, this project will, taking the wild population and the captive breeding population as the object, carry out research on the mating strategies and reproductive ecology of this species. In order to elucidate the key factors affecting reproductive success in both sexes, we investigate the structure of male frog chorus and its relationship with the rate of visits by female frog, and the distribution and density of the egg clusters in the ovipositions of female frog and its relationship with environmental factors. In order to reveal the male mating tactic and female mate selection strategy of this species, we dissect the behavior process of both sexes before and after the formation of amplexus, and the correlation between sprint speed and access to mating opportunity in male frogs. Results of this project will provide a theoretical basis for the habitat protection of this species, and provides new ideas and evidence for the study of mating strategies of female-biased SSD Anura, and are of great significance for the further improvement of sexual selection theory.