基于Roemer机会平等理论的我国老年人健康机会不平等测度与分解研究

随着我国老龄化程度日益加深，老年人健康不平等问题变得越发突出，这将阻碍老年人健康水平的提升。健康不平等本质上是社会成员在健康机会上的不平等。而目前国内健康机会不平等的研究尚处于起步阶段，尤其是单独从老年人的视角出发探讨老年人健康机会不平等问题的研究更为缺乏。基于此社会背景和研究现状，利用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据，本课题将Roemer的机会平等理论与Grossman的健康生产函数相结合，首次采用生物标记物和适应负荷综合度量60岁及以上老年人健康，深入探讨老年人健康机会不平等绝对水平、健康机会不平等在总体健康不平等中的相对水平及造成健康机会不平等的重要根源。本课题开创性地运用基于无条件分位数回归的Shapley值分解技术系统地剖析在不同的健康分布上“环境”因素对健康机会不平等贡献的异质性。这将为推进我国老年人整体健康质量的提升，有效促进健康公平基本实现，全面建设健康中国提供科学依据。

With the increasing pace of aging process in China, health inequality of the elderly has become more and more prominent, thereby hindering the improvement of health level of the elderly. In essence, health inequality is the inequality of opportunity in health of social members. Presently the research on the inequality of opportunity in health in China is still in its infancy, especially from the perspective of the elderly. Based on this social background and research status, this project combines Roemer's theory of equality of opportunity with Grossman's health production function, uses the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, firstly introduces biomarkers and allostatic load to measure the health of the elderly aged 60 and above, and comprehensively examines the absolute level of inequality of opportunity in health and the relative importance of inequality of opportunity in health in the overall health inequality. Drawing on the combination of unconditional quantile regression with Shapley value decomposition technique, this project assesses the heterogeneities in the contributions of objective "environment" factors in the whole distribution of health outcomes. Our work will be conducive to promoting the improvement of overall health quality of the elderly in China, fundamentally and effectively boosting the basic realization of health equity, and laying scientific foundation for the construction of healthy China.