新型光场下原子、分子和固体中电子动力学研究及超快磁场产生

阿秒脉冲的产生和应用的成果使得人们能够研究电子自然时间尺度（阿秒）上的激光-物质相互作用的非线性非微扰状态下的电子动力学。超快光场是实现实时观测及调控原子分子内部核和电子超快行为以及其动态演化过程的最佳手段。光场调控除了偏振、频率、相位等参量的操控，还有光场涡旋特性这一重要参数。本项目将通过数值求解含时薛定谔方程(TDSE)及半导体布洛赫方程，系统研究激光场下原子、分子、团簇和固体的电子动力学，以及由超快量子电子电流产生的阿秒磁场脉冲。将第一性原理计算和半导体布洛赫方程相结合，研究固体高次谐波的产生机制、偏振特性和各向异性、偶次谐波的物理机制、晶体缺陷对固体谐波的影响、以及超快过程的时间分辨和调控。此外，还将采用数值求解TDSE或强场近似与麦克斯韦方程组相结合，研究新型光场如涡旋场中原子、分子和固体的高次谐波，并采用时频分析研究长短轨道所起的作用。

The generation and application of attosecond pulses enable people to explore the electron dynamics in the non-linear and non-perturbative states of laser-matter interaction on the electron natural time scale (attosecond). Ultrafast laser fields are the best way to realize real-time observation and control ultrafast dynamics of nuclear and electrons and their time-evolution processes in atoms and molecules. Besides the parameters such as polarization, frequency and phase, the laser field also include the important parameter with vortex characteristics. In this project, we will numerically solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation(TDSE) and the semiconductor Bloch equation, to systematically study the electron dynamics of atoms, molecules, clusters and solids under the laser fields, as well as attosecond magnetic fields generated by ultrafast quantum electronic currents. Combining first-principles calculations and semiconductor Bloch equations together, we will study the mechanism of high harmonic generation (HHG) in solids, polarization characteristics and anisotropy, the physical mechanism of even harmonics, the influence of crystal defects on HHG, and the time resolution and regulation of ultrafast processes. In addition, TDSE or strong field approximation will be numerically solved and combined with Maxwell's equations together to study the HHG of atoms, molecules and solids in novel type laser fields such as vortex fields, and time-frequency analysis is used to explain the related results.