功能化二硫化钼的可控构筑及其对Eu(III)和U(VI)的高效选择性去除研究

放射性核素污染是全世界面临的问题之一，是核能发展和利用过程中急需解决的难题。研发对放射性核素具有高效选择性分离去除性能且环境友好的复合材料对放射性污染治理具有重要科学意义。本项目拟采用水热法和等离子体接枝法等多种方法在二硫化钼表面和层间接枝不同的聚合物或高分子，通过控制材料的层间距以及引入不同的功能基团提高材料对放射性核素的去除率，构建对放射性核素Eu(III)和U(VI)具有选择性吸附分离性能的新型功能化二硫化钼复合材料。采用静态吸附法探究不同条件下复合材料对Eu(III)和U(VI)的去除性能，阐明复合材料对放射性核素的去除规律。在宏观实验基础上，进一步利用XAFS光谱表征并结合DFT理论计算进行结构分析和理论验证，从分子水平揭示功能化二硫化钼复合材料与Eu(III)和U(VI)的相互作用机制。本项目预期成果将为放射性镧系元素和锕系元素污染治理提供数据支持和理论支撑。

Radionuclide pollution is one of the worldwide problems, seriously limiting the development and use of nuclear energy. Therefore, it is important to develop new efficient selective removal and environmental friendly materials, which have scientific significance for environmental protection and radionuclide elimination. In order to construct new functional materials with selective removal property for radionuclides Eu(III) and U(VI), the project plans to increase the interlamellar spacing and introduce different functional groups by controlling the interlamination and surface of molybdenum disulfide with different polymers or macromolecules. We intend to use the static adsorption method to explore the removal performance of the materials for Eu(III) and U(VI) elimination under different conditions to evaluate the possible removal mechanism. Based on the macroscopic experimental results and microcosmic characterization, we take advantage of the XAFS spectroscopy and DFT theoretical calculation to carry out structural analysis and theoretical verification, which can reveal the interaction mechanisms between the functional materials and Eu(III) and U(VI) at molecular level. The anticipated achievements will provide important information and theoretical support for radionuclide pollution control.