基于多源遥感大数据的橡胶林监测研究：从热带北缘到赤道地区

对广布于热带地区的橡胶林进行密切监测是国家战略、中国天然橡胶产业发展和区域生态评估的迫切需要。然而，受橡胶林物候空间差异、非橡胶落叶林干扰和光学影像匮乏等因素影响，难以将在热带北缘建立的橡胶林分类算法推广到热带中低纬地区，至今鲜有国家尺度及以上的监测研究。在前期大量关于中国橡胶林监测和东南亚外业调研的基础上，本项目以连接热带北缘和赤道的全球天然橡胶核心产区中南半岛为例，联合地面样本、多源遥感大数据和云计算平台，分析橡胶林物候的空间变化规律、光谱和结构等特征，开发普适性更高的新型物候分类算法，准确获取主产国家的橡胶种植信息并揭示空间分布格局；同时开展热点区域橡胶林动态、林龄反演和土地来源追溯等研究，阐述橡胶林扩张的时空特征，分析驱动机制与变化趋势。本项目将阐明橡胶林物候特征的空间分异规律，突破大尺度橡胶林遥感监测的技术瓶颈，加强境外橡胶资源监测，为我国天然橡胶贸易和对外合作争取更多主动权。

Close monitoring of rubber plantation widely distributed in tropical regions is an urgent need for national strategies, the development of China’s natural rubber industry, and regional ecological assessments. However, extending the current mapping algorithms developed in the northern tropical margin to the core producing regions of natural rubber at mid-low latitudes is challengeable due to difficulties such as scarcity in optical satellite imagery, the impact of non-rubber deciduous forest, and spatial phenological difference, leading to few studies at national scales and above. On the basis of intensive studies in monitoring rubber plantation in China and field survey in Southeast Asia, this project takes Indochina Peninsula—a global natural rubber core production area connecting the northern tropical margin and the equator—as an example, develops new phenological classification algorithms on Google Earth Engine cloud platform by analyzing the law of phenological spatial variation and characteristics of spectrum and structure of rubber plantation with ground samples and multi-source remote sensing big data, and obtains the latest rubber plantation maps and reveals their spatial distribution pattern. Meanwhile, researches on mapping rubber plantation at different historical periods, identifying plantation establishment year, and tracking pre-conversion land sources at hotspot area of multi-latitudes will be carried out to explore the spatial-temporal pattern, driving mechanism, and change trend of plantation expansion. This project will clarify the spatial differentiation law of rubber phenological characteristics, break through the technical bottleneck of large-scale mapping of rubber plantation, strengthen the monitoring of overseas rubber resources, and strive for more initiative for China’s natural rubber trade and foreign cooperation.