深埋弱胶结薄基岩厚煤层开采岩层运动与控制研究

巨野煤田和焦作煤田东部厚煤层具有埋深大、冲积层厚、基岩薄且弱胶结等赋存特征，回采过程中顶板压力大、台阶下沉明显、煤壁片帮严重、突水溃沙时有发生。针对上述技术难题，借助理论分析、模拟实验和数值计算等研究手段，并开发采场高位岩层运动位态智能实测系统等，系统研究厚冲积层作用下弱胶结薄基岩破断特征与运动规律，提出顶板突水溃沙与动载冲击条件；建立采场围岩系统结构力学模型，探究基于系统刚度耦合的采场围岩协同控制机理，提出液压支架刚度和强度确定方法；研究厚冲积层对顶板结构下沉量的吸收特征，构建地表沉降预测模型，遵循降低地表裂隙发育程度原则，提出覆岩运动特征控制原理与方法，解决弱胶结覆岩煤层安全开发技术瓶颈背后的核心科学问题。项目研究成果可为深埋弱胶结薄基岩厚煤层开采提供科学指导，也可以丰富和发展矿山压力与岩层控制理论，具有重大科学意义与实用价值。

While mining thick coal seams under the typical conditions of large burial depth, thick alluvium, thin bedrock with weak cementation in Juye and the eastern Jiaozuo coalfields, coal mines face many tough technical problems such as high roof pressure, obvious step subsidence, serious coal wall rib, and frequent water inrush and sand burst.In order to address these problems, this project, using theoretical analysis, simulation experiment, numerical calculation and other means, develops field measurement instruments such as intelligent measuring system of movement status of high strata in stope, and studies the breaking characteristics and movement rules of weak cemented thin bedrock under the action of thick alluvium, present the conditions of water inrush and sand burst and dynamic impact of roof. Besides, the structural mechanics model of surrounding rock system of stope is established, the principle of system stiffness of surrounding rock control is explored, and the method for determining the stiffness and strength of hydraulic support is proposed. This paper also studies the absorption characteristics of thick alluvium to roof structure subsidence and constructs the prediction model of surface subsidence. Following the principle of reducing the development degree of surface fissures, the control principle and method of overburden movement characteristics is presented, and the core scientific problems behind the technical bottleneck of weak cemented overburden coal seam safety development is solved. The research results of this project can provide scientific guidance for mining deep thick coal seams with weak cemented thin bedrock, and also enrich and develop the theory of mine pressure and ground control, which has great scientific significance and practical value.