虚拟团队背景下共享式领导的运行模式与双刃剑效应研究：基于AST理论的视角

虚拟团队的应用在全球已经越来越被重视，尤其在2020年初疫情的推动下，中国各类组织对于虚拟团队的需求正呈“井喷式”增长。共享式领导作为多人共同承担领导角色的模式，被认为高度匹配虚拟团队的特点。本项目将共享式领导和虚拟团队两个前沿领域结合在一起，力图帮助中国组织改善虚拟团队的管理实践，并推进共享式领导的理论边界。具体而言，基于调试性结构理论（AST）构建整体框架，本项目包括两个研究，研究一采用嵌入式案例研究方法，探析远程连接的团队成员是如何通过网络互动来共享领导力的，了解虚拟团队共享式领导的运行模式。研究二通过纵向的量化研究方法，采用多层次分析视角，考察共享式领导如何影响团队和个体两个层次绩效生成。这种影响的中介路径可能不光是积极的，我们也希望能探讨共享式领导的消极影响路径，以及调节这些影响路径的边界条件，建立一个共享式领导作用双刃剑效应模型，为理解虚拟团队中的共享式领导提供完整的理论框架。

The application of virtual teams has become increasingly important all over the world. Especially driven by the epidemic outbreak in early 2020, the demand for virtual teams from all kinds of Chinese organizations has increased rapidly. Shared leadership, as an emergent team phenomenon whereby leadership roles and influence are distributed among team members, has been highly considered to match the characteristics of virtual teams and has great value. Combined the two frontier fields of shared leadership and virtual team, our research not only helps Chinese organizations to improve the management of virtual teams, but also expands the theoretical boundary of shared leadership. To be more specific, based on AST theory, there are two studies in our research. The first study explores how remotely-connected team members share leadership through network interaction by using the embedded case study method in order to know the operation mode of shared leadership in virtual teams. The second study examines how shared leadership affects team and individual performance through longitudinal studies and multi-level analysis. The effects of mediating mechanisms may be positive, and also negative. With the potential dark side of shared leadership, we endeavor to present the double-edged sword effects. In addition, we also discuss the potential boundary conditions in the mechanisms. Such a comprehensive framework has both theoretical and practical implications because it provides an overarching framework to understand shared leadership in virtual teams.