基于防冰的表面微结构强化及液滴动力学和能量传递机制研究

表面结冰是危害航空航天、风力发电等系统安全和高效运行的关键问题之一，超疏水表面展现出优良的抑制结冰特性，但存在稳定性差、高速液滴撞击应用受限和耐低温高湿环境能力弱等问题。本项目以强化表面微结构稳定性、探索表面浸润状态转变条件和机制、操控液滴动热力学特性实现防结冰为目标，设计和制备微纳复合结构表面，通过实验测量、数值模拟和理论建模，分析系统能量分布、平衡和转换过程，区分液滴主导作用力，促使撞击液滴非对称性收缩实现缩短固液接触时间，改善传热传质过程控制冰晶成核时间，摸清表面湿润性转变的能量路径及转变机理与外部能量影响和微结构之间的关系，揭示可逆湿润转变的能量路径及转换机理，阐明微纳复合结构表面的浸润状态、能量转换和动力学防冰关联作用机制。在此基础上，提出强化超疏水表面稳定性和抑制液滴在表面结冰的原理和新方法，为防冰技术的研究和应用提供理论依据。

Surface-icing is one of the key issues endangering the safe and efficiency of aerospace, wind power generation and other systems. Superhydrophobic surfaces show excellent ice inhibition performance, but there are some problems as poor stability, limited application of high-speed droplet impact and weak ability to withstand low temperature and high humidity environment. The surfaces with micro-nano features in this project will be fabricated to strengthen the stability of surface hierarchical structures, explore the transformation mechanism of surface wetting state and control the dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of droplets to achieve anti-icing performance. The system energy balance and conversion process will be analyzed and the dominant force of droplets will be distinguished through experimental measurements, numerical simulation and theoretical studies, which will promote the asymmetric shrinkage of the impact droplets on surfaces to shorten the solid-liquid contact time and improve the heat and mass transfer process to control the ice nucleation time. The dependence of the energy conversion paths and transition mechanisms of wetting transition on the external stimuli and hierarchical structures will be investigated and the energy conversion paths and transition mechanisms of the reversible wetting transformation will also be revealed. Besides, the wetting state, energy dissipation and dynamic anti-icing mechanisms of the surface with micro-nano structures will be clarified. Finally, the principles and new methods for improving the stability of superhydrophobic surfaces and restraining the freezing of droplets on the surface will be developed, which can provide theoretical basis for the researches and applications of anti-icing technologies.