多小核草履虫摄食群体微囊藻并降解藻毒素的效率、机制及生态效应

水体富营养化和气候变暖引发的蓝藻水华是我国面临的重大水环境问题。通过疏通能量流动通道，把蓝藻固定的大量难以利用的有害初级生产力安全高效地传递到更高营养级，是解决蓝藻水华问题的生态友好型方式。多小核草履虫是一种大型原生动物，能高效摄食大群体有毒微囊藻，快速降解藻毒素，同时其自身具有较高营养价值，且不含毒性物质成分，是多种高营养级生物的直接食物来源。因此，多小核草履虫可以发挥在蓝藻与更高营养级生物之间能量流动的桥梁作用，疏通能量流动通道。鉴于这种思考，本项目拟开展草履虫摄食群体微囊藻效率、降解藻毒素过程与机制、对浮游植物群落结构改善效应、对更高营养级生物个体生长与种群动态影响的研究，将突破性解决草履虫控制有毒微囊藻水华背后的系列核心科学问题，重建基于调控草履虫种群的新型生物操纵途径控制微囊藻种群，对于将有毒微囊藻化害为利、疏通能量流动通道进而改善水生态系统结构与功能具有重要的指导意义。

Cyanobacteria blooms caused by water eutrophication and climate warming are a major water environment problem in China. It is an eco-friendly way to solve the problem of cyanobacteria blooms by dredging the energy flow channel and transferring a large amount of harmful primary productivity fixed by cyanobacteria to a higher trophic level safely and effectively. Paramecium is a type of large protozoa, which can efficiently ingest large colonies of toxic Microcystis and rapidly degrade the toxins. Meanwhile, it has high nutritional value, does not contain toxic substances, and is also a direct food source for many species of high trophic organisms. Therefore, Paramecium can play a key role in bridging the energy flow between cyanobacteria and higher trophic level, and dredge the energy flow channel. In view of this idea, we plan to carry out the research on the efficiency of Paramecium ingesting Microcystis, the process and mechanism of degrading microcystins, the effect on the improvement of phytoplankton community structure, and the influence on the individual growth and population dynamics of higher trophic organisms, which will break through a series of core scientific problems behind controlling toxic cyanobacteria blooms by Paramecium. This study has great guiding significance in establishing a new type of biomanipulation to control cyanobacteria population by using Paramecium, regulating Paramecium population to rebuild food chain, turning toxic cyanobacteria to beneficial biomass, and dredging energy flow channels and improving the structure and function of aquatic ecosystem.